not sure if this actually a mutex/s390/dm or ext4 problem, but it bisects down to a dm commit: Mike, commit 9a0e609e3fd8a95c96629b9fbde6b8c5b9a1456a ("dm: only run the queue on completion if congested or no requests pending") causes a significant overhead if multiple processes access the same file on an ext4 file system on multipath, with direct io. This actually appeared first with a kvm guest that has I/O on 500 virtio disks that are backed up by the same image file (I used this to test something else) but something like the following (without kvm) for ((d=1; d<500; d++)); do dd if=fileonmultipathext4 of=/dev/null bs=4096 iflag=direct & done keeps most CPUs on the osq_lock (optimistic spinning for mutex) # Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol # ........ .............. ................... ........................................... # 73.91% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] osq_lock 3.15% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] mutex_spin_on_owner.isra.5 3.03% swapper [kernel.vmlinux] [k] osq_lock 1.08% kdmwork-252:28 [kernel.vmlinux] [k] osq_lock 0.91% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] arch_spin_lock_wait_flags 0.36% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] kmem_cache_free 0.29% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] account_system_time 0.25% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] __blockdev_direct_IO 0.25% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] _mix_pool_bytes 0.22% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] __schedule 0.22% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] pcpu_ec_call 0.21% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] enqueue_entity 0.18% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] vtime_account_irq_enter 0.17% dd [dm_multipath] [k] multipath_status 0.17% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] try_to_wake_up 0.17% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] update_cfs_shares 0.16% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] blk_update_request With that patch reverted the system is much less contendent on osq_lock # Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol # ........ .............. ................. ........................................... # 30.22% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] osq_lock 5.57% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] mutex_spin_on_owner.isra.5 5.48% swapper [kernel.vmlinux] [k] osq_lock 1.61% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] arch_spin_lock_wait_flags 1.38% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] arch_spin_lock_wait 1.17% swapper [kernel.vmlinux] [k] mutex_spin_on_owner.isra.5 0.67% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] kmem_cache_free 0.63% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] try_to_wake_up 0.63% kdmwork-252:22 [kernel.vmlinux] [k] osq_lock 0.57% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] _mix_pool_bytes 0.57% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] account_system_time 0.49% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] pcpu_ec_call 0.48% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] vtime_account_irq_enter 0.44% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] zfcp_fsf_reqid_check 0.42% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] __blockdev_direct_IO 0.42% dd [kernel.vmlinux] [k] enqueue_entity Do you have any idea why this patch seems to affect mutex/sem hold times? Christian -- dm-devel mailing list dm-devel@xxxxxxxxxx https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/dm-devel