cryptsetup is by no means needed to use dm-crypt. it simplifies the process in the view of some people, but has severe restrictions in the view of other people such as myself. I prefer not using a hashed passphrase as key (which cryptsetup does), nor luks with its metadata for managing several passphrases. Instead I prefer using random bytes, rsa keys and passphrases on those, with the option of replacing (file based) rsa keys and passphrase with smart cards and pin. see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedFilesystemHowto4 for installation instructions for ubuntu dapper (or mail me for an updated version). unfortunatly this howto seems long, as all steps usualy done by the installer are now done manually. Regards, Andreas --------------------------------------------------------------------- - http://www.saout.de/misc/dm-crypt/ To unsubscribe, e-mail: dm-crypt-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxx For additional commands, e-mail: dm-crypt-help@xxxxxxxx