On 26/08/2024 19:56, Jan Kiszka wrote: > Only few of the K3 SoCs have an IOMMU and, thus, can isolate the system > against DMA-based attacks of external PCI devices. The AM65 is without > an IOMMU, but it comes with something close to it: the Peripheral > Virtualization Unit (PVU). > > The PVU was originally designed to establish static compartments via a > hypervisor, isolate those DMA-wise against each other and the host and > even allow remapping of guest-physical addresses. But it only provides > a static translation region, not page-granular mappings. Thus, it cannot > be handled transparently like an IOMMU. You keep developing on some old kernel. I noticed it on few patchsets last days. Please work on mainline. Best regards, Krzysztof