Hi Stefano, > The tiny "xen,iommu-el2-v1" driver could be backported to the stable > trees, I would imagine. Otherwise, do you have another suggestion? There is stub IOMMU driver already merged to the Linux Kernel: Commit 1ca55d50e50c74747a7b8846dac306fbe5ac4cf5 ("xen/grant-dma-iommu: Introduce stub IOMMU driver" added by Oleksandr Tyshchenko. I was able to use it as an empty IOMMU driver on my test setup: Made the following device-tree changes: xen_iommu: xen-iommu { compatible = "xen,grant-dma"; iommu-cells = <0>; }; i2c@e60b0000 { iommus = <&xen_iommu 0x0>; }; Maybe this driver can be used to solve the deferred problem with some modifications? What is your opinion? Best regards, Oleksii.