On Fri, May 07, 2021 at 07:36:49AM +0000, Tian, Kevin wrote: > for /dev/ioasid there is still an open whether an process is allowed to > open /dev/ioasid once or multiple times. If there is only one ioasid_fd > per process, the accounting can be made accurately. otherwise the > same problem still exists as each ioasid_fd is akin to the container, then > we need find a better solution. You can't really do tricks like 'FD once per process' in linux. The locked page accounting problem is much bigger than vfio and I don't really know of any solution.. Jason