Hello, Currently, cgroup and css (cgroup_subsys_state) are separately reference counted. cgroup->refcnt is an atomic_t and css->refcnt is a percpu_ref. css is becoming the primary structural block and used widely in various operaitons. cgroup already has a css embedded in it (cgroup->dummy_css) to use as its proxy in such operations; however, there still are quite a few differences between cgroup and css handling limitng how cgroup->dummy_css can be used. This patchset makes cgroup use the embedded css's refcnt for reference counting. This closes one of the gaps between an cgroup embedded css, which is renamed to cgroup->self early in the patchset, and a normal css and will allow more unified handling of cgroups and csses. In addition, this makes cgroup refcnting use percpu_ref too, which is a lot more scalable than an atomic_t. Ultimately, it'd make things far simpler to assign a proper cgroup_subsys to the cgroup embedded csses and handle them the same as other csses; however, we can't yet do it thanks to multiple hierarchies as we end up with multiple csses of the same subsystem for the same task, but in the very long term, if multiple hierarchies can be removed, that's where it's headed. This patchset contains the following nine patches. 0001-cgroup-use-restart_syscall-for-mount-retries.patch 0002-cgroup-rename-cgroup-dummy_css-to-self-and-move-it-t.patch 0003-cgroup-separate-out-cgroup_has_live_children-from-cg.patch 0004-cgroup-move-check_for_release-parent-call-to-the-end.patch 0005-cgroup-move-cgroup-sibling-unlinking-to-cgroup_put.patch 0006-cgroup-remove-cgroup_destory_css_killed.patch 0007-cgroup-bounce-css-release-through-css-destroy_work.patch 0008-cgroup-enable-refcnting-for-root-csses.patch 0009-cgroup-use-cgroup-self.refcnt-for-cgroup-refcnting.patch 0001-0003 are prep patches. 0004-0006 remove cgroup_destroy_css_killed(). This brings cgroup's destruction path closer to css's so that they can be merged. 0007-0009 make cgroup use the embedded css's refcnt. This pachset is on top of b9a63d0116e8 ("Merge branch 'for-3.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu into for-3.16") + [1] [PATCHSET v2 cgroup/for-3.16] cgroup: post unified hierarchy fixes and updates + [2] (REFRESHED) [PATCHSET cgroup/for-3.16] cgroup: implement cftype->write() + [3] (REFRESHED) [PATCHSET cgroup/for-3.16] cgroup: remove cgroup_tree_mutex and available in the following git branch. git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup.git review-use-css-ref diffstat follows. Thanks. include/linux/cgroup.h | 25 ---- kernel/cgroup.c | 284 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- 2 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 173 deletions(-) -- tejun [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/1399663975-315-1-git-send-email-tj@xxxxxxxxxx [2] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20140509195059.GE4486@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx [3] http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20140509195827.GG4486@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe cgroups" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html