Garrick Staples wrote:
On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 05:13:12PM -0600, Les Mikesell alleged:
Garrick Staples wrote:
On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 04:33:30PM -0600, Les Mikesell alleged:
Does anyone have a quick reference to the order of operations as the
shell parses a command line (variable parsing,i/o redirection, wildcard
and variable expansion, splitting on IFS, quote removal, command
substitution etc.)? That's really the first thing you need to know
about the shell and if there is a simple description it must be buried
in the middle of some obscure manual.
This is from the "EXPANSION" section of the bash manpage:
The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
parameter, variable and arithmetic
expansion and command substitution (done in a left-to-right
fashion), word splitting, and pathname
expansion.
That's one step in the bigger picture. I want the one that includes
variable assignment, i/o redirection, quote removal, and a few other
operations. I think I knew that a few decades ago, but now I don't even
know where to look it up.
That's pretty much the entire process for your basic expression.
Yes, but I'm looking for what happens before and after. Why does
unset foo
foo=bar >$foo
do something you might expect, but
unset foo
foo=bar echo $foo >$foo
doesn't?
Or why doesn't
unset foo
foo=bar echo $foo
work like you'd expect while
unset foo
foo=bar some_other_command
will put foo in the environment for the other command?
Quotes are
obeyed the entire time, but are actually _removed_ after the expansion. And
finally, file descriptors are opened the command is executed.
And how does this relate to ||, && and things on the right hand side of
|'s in terms of evaluation order and side effects?
I don't think you can write a simple list because the actual process is too
complex. It would really be a tree or flowchart.
I'm sure I saw a simple list of the order of operations for the bourne
shell years ago with about 6 steps and which are repeated if you add an
eval to the line. Bash handles some more complex expressions, but it
must still do the steps in the same order to be compatible. You really
need to know this to do anything even slightly complicated and I'm
having trouble finding it again.
--
Les Mikesell
lesmikesell@xxxxxxxxx
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