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Volume 4 Number 7 November 2006
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Over
the past three years, NIOSH has pursued a concerted program of research aimed
at providing answers to the complex questions associated with the
occupational health and safety implications of engineered nanomaterials.
NIOSH research into this field has advanced the understanding of the ways in
which workers may be exposed to nanoparticles in the manufacture and use of nanomaterials,
and the ways in which nanoparticles may interact with bodily systems. Last
year, based on these findings and other scientific input, NIOSH released
interim guidance on safe approaches to nanotechnology. Building on this base
of information and recommendations, over 30 NIOSH scientists from varied
disciplines are actively engaged in moving our laboratory-based research into
the field and using it to develop more finely tuned guidance. NIOSH has
partnered with public- and private-sector colleagues from the U.S. and
abroad, making the information and interim recommendations widely available.
Industry, the worker community, and other stakeholders agree that such
research and outreach is essential to realizing the promise of
nanotechnology.
NIOSH
will maintain this vigorous level of activity as we prepare to leave 2006 and
enter 2007. Here are some of the new developments and products that we expect
to see over the coming weeks:
- NIOSH is developing a
progress report on the accomplishments that we have made to date under
our strategic research program. The progress report will address how
NIOSH has addressed the 10 critical areas in our strategic plan, which
is posted for ongoing public review and comment at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/strat_plan.html.
- NIOSH continues to actively
participate with numerous national and international organizations and
agencies in addressing the health and safety issues of nanotechnology
and building consensus on safe approaches. We look forward to continuing
our partnership in 2007 with two such efforts led by the International
Organization for Standardization and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
- In the next few weeks, we
expect to debut a widely anticipated guidance document on occupational
health surveillance of nanotechnology workers.
- With the University of Cincinnati and
several other partners, we are pleased to sponsor a major international
conference in December in Cincinnati.
This is the latest of a series of yearly scientific conferences in this
field that NIOSH has co-sponsored with prestigious groups and agencies
from the U.S. and abroad.
- We are accepting grant applications under a new
announcement with the National Institutes of Health and EPA. This
announcement continues our commitment to fund excellent research by
outside scientists to complement our intramural program.
More
details on these activities can be found in the Nanotechnology
section of this issue.
I would like to reiterate our
standing invitation for your review, comment, and partnership as our program
moves into its next year. In particular, I invite you to join me in Cincinnati on
December 4-7 for the international conference. The previous international
conferences that we co-hosted, in 2004 and 2005, were truly energizing
experiences. I expect that this year's forum will be equally stimulating,
productive, and important for moving this cutting-edge research forward.
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Coal Dust Mine Sampler Receives
R&D 100 Award
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On October 19, NIOSH and partners
were honored by R&D
Magazine with presentation of the prestigious R&D
100 Award 2006 for development of the “Coal Dust Explosibility Meter
– Model 100.” This is the first device ever created that provides
an immediate capability for determining if coal dust concentrations in active
areas of underground coal mines have been sufficiently mixed with rock dust
to prevent risk of explosion. NIOSH developed the theory and technology
behind the device, and a prototype was developed in collaboration with the Geneva College Center for
Technology Development. The device will be manufactured and marketed by
H&P Prototyping Inc. Mention of a specific company or product is not
considered a commercial endorsement by NIOSH. For more information on NIOSH
research and technical assistance for preventing work-related injuries,
illnesses, and deaths in mining, visit the NIOSH Web page at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining.
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NIOSH Contributes to Revised
Pandemic Flu Planning
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NIOSH participated in the
development of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS)
revised interim pandemic influenza planning guidance, issued October 17. The
revised interim guidance includes updated and more precautionary
recommendations regarding the use of surgical masks and respirators in health
care settings during an influenza pandemic. NIOSH participated on the work
group that developed the document, which includes a discussion of the science
of influenza transmission, the capabilities of respirators and surgical
masks, their use in circumstances in which there is a potential for exposure
to airborne agents, and the rationale for adopting these more protective
health care worker recommendations. The updated guidance document can be
found at http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/healthcare/maskguidancehc.html.
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HHS Completes Allocation of WTC
Medical Care Funds
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The U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS) on October 27 announced the completion of the allocation
of $75 million in federal funds for monitoring, screening, analysis, and
medical treatment of emergency responders and recovery workers at the World
Trade Center (WTC) disaster site. These recent awards through NIOSH build on
more than $125 million for screening and monitoring of more than 30,000 WTC
responders, recovery workers and volunteers that the Department has
administered since 2002. Further details are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/WTC102706-2.html.
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NIOSH and BLS Release Workplace
Violence Prevention Results
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The U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) has released findings from a survey conducted for NIOSH on
workplace violence prevention. Nearly five percent of the 7.1 million U.S. private
industry business establishments had an incident of workplace violence in the
12 months preceding the survey. The majority of those establishments did not
change their workplace violence prevention procedures after the incident.
Results from the survey will provide researchers with information to develop
educational interventions to improve workplace safety. Findings from the
survey are available in detail on the BLS Web site, http://www.bls.gov/iif/osh_wpvs.htm.
More information on NIOSH research and recommendations for preventing and
reducing workplace violence can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/injury/traumaviolence.html.
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"WorkLife 2007"
Symposium Set for September
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NIOSH and over 15 cosponsors will
host the symposium "WorkLife
2007: Preserving and Promoting Worker Health," September 10-11,
2007, at the Marriott Crystal Gateway in Washington DC. The
symposium is part of the NIOSH WorkLife Initiative. The vision of the
initiative is safe and healthy workers in workplaces that protect, sustain,
and promote health and wellbeing. The symposium will gather researchers and
practitioners in the areas of health protection and health promotion to
better understand the relationships between workplace health protection and
promotion programs and health care costs; identify programs, policies, and
practices that work; and to build consensus around research priorities and a
research agenda. The initiative is the NIOSH response to the "2004
Steps to a Healthier US Workforce Symposium". Check the Web page, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/worklife,
for more information and updates.
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NIOSH Announces Two New Centers
for Excellence to Promote a Healthier Workforce
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NIOSH has awarded two new Centers
for Excellence to Promote a Healthier Workforce as part of NIOSH’s WorkLife
Initiative. Each Center will receive $1 million for five years through a
cooperative agreement to establish trans-disciplinary research, education,
and translation programs to facilitate the integration of health protection
and promotion in the workplace. The grant recipients are Dr. Laura Punnett
for the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace, at
the University of Massachusetts at Lowell
and Dr. James Merchant for the Healthier Workforce Center for
Excellence at the University of Iowa. The
Center at the University of Massachusetts
Lowell will evaluate several models for integrating health
promotion with occupational ergonomic and mental health interventions with a
strong emphasis on worker involvement. The University of Iowa Center will
investigate the effects of different integrated health protection and health
promotion programs tailored to meet the needs of three different work
environments.
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Special Issue
of American Journal of Industrial Medicine
Focuses on Effects of Long Work Hours
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The November issue of the American Journal of Industrial
Medicine features a special section on various aspects
of research on long work hours, health, and safety. This collection of
articles is a response to the "2004 Long Work Hour Conference,"
sponsored by NIOSH and the University of Maryland School of Nursing. Article
abstracts are available through the journal’s Web site, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/34471.
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Two NIOSH
Employees Receive Interagency Teamwork Award
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NIOSH congratulates Cynthia Striley
and John Snawder, two NIOSH employees who received the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and Development Teamwork Award.
The award recognizes an interagency team of researchers from EPA, NIOSH, and
the U.S. Air Force for their research efforts on "Internal and External
Collaborations to Advance Pharmacokinetic Modeling on Age-dependent and Human
Interindividual Variability for Risk Assessment."
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Elyce Biddle
Receives 2006 Samuel Gompers Award
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The International Association of
Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions (IAIABC) awarded Elyce Biddle of
NIOSH the 2006 Samuel Gompers Award, in recognition for her
“outstanding efforts in improving working conditions of the
masses.” The award notes that “Elyce has been called on numerous
times by the association to help shed light on issues and trends in
occupational injuries. Elyce truly exemplifies the passion that Samuel Gompers
had for improving the working conditions for the average industrial
worker.”
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NIOSH hosts
"Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis
Conference"
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The Fourth "Conference
on Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis" was sponsored
by NIOSH and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on September 24
– 27 in Morgantown, WV. The
conference included 44 invited presentations, 25 poster presentations and was
attended by 127 scientists. The proceedings will be published in the journal, Molecular and Cellular
Biochemistry. Dr. Xianglin Shi of the NIOSH Health
Effects Laboratory Division organized the conference, and NIOSH scientists
co-authored 13 of the presentations and posters.
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NIOSH
Facilities Hold Diversity and Breast Health Awareness Speakers
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Cincinnati employees wear pink for a cure
On October 13, the Cincinnati Federal Women's Program (FWP) and the Susan G. Komen
Foundation joined together to educate NIOSH employees on breast health
awareness. Wearing pink, NIOSH-Cincinnati employees heard information on the
three steps to breast health: breast self-examination, clinical breast
examination, and mammography. These efforts were in support of National
Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
Pittsburgh Diversity Committee hosts speaker
The NIOSH Pittsburgh Diversity Committee recently hosted a speaker on
Intercultural Communication in Business. Dr. Janie Harden Fritz, Associate
Professor at Duquesne University, covered
several points including intercultural awareness in today’s workplace,
the difference between stereotypes and generalizations, and changing the
understanding of “common sense.”
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Results from Feasibility
Assessment Will Assist NIOSH in Conducting New Surveillance Activities
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The Battelle Centers for Public
Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, has
completed a feasibility assessment of tools and methods for conducting
occupational safety and health surveillance activities in hospitals. The
report, “A Feasibility Evaluation of Tools and Methods for Surveillance
of Health and Safety Hazards in Hospitals,” was conducted through a
contract with NIOSH. Findings from the report will be used by NIOSH in
planning for the National Exposures at Work Survey (NEWS). For more
information on the feasibility assessment and the NEWS project, please
contact Jim Boiano at JBoiano@xxxxxxx or
Greg Piacitelli at GPiacitelli@xxxxxxx.
A report summary and instructions for ordering the full report are available
on the National Technology Information Service Web page, http://www.ntis.gov/search/product.asp?ABBR=PB2007100126&starDB=GRAHIST.
The Executive Summary is available through NIOSHTIC-2.
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Georgetown Forum Looks at Federal and State OSHA Programs
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On October 23, the Center for
Business and Public Policy at the Georgetown University McDonough School of
Business hosted an interactive forum titled “Federal and State OSHA
Programs: What We Have Learned.” The forum focused on examining the
effectiveness of federal and state level programs from the researcher and practitioner
perspectives. The forum presentations are available for downloading on the
Georgetown Web site, http://faculty.msb.edu/prog/cbpp/safety/main.htm.
NIOSH is a partner with the center.
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 NIOSH, NIH, and EPA Jointly Announce Funding Opportunity
NIOSH joined with the National Institutes of Health and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to solicit grant applications for research
that will explore interactions between engineered nanomaterials and bodily
systems. Grant applications are now being accepted under the announcement:
Manufactured Nanomaterials: Physico-chemical Principles of Biocompatibility
and Toxicity (R01). The deadline for letters of intent is December 13, 2006. For more
information, visit http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-ES-06-008.html.
NIOSH & ISO
Nanotech Standards Development
NIOSH continues to be actively involved with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) 229 on nanotechnologies.
NIOSH is contributing technical input to the development of proposals for
international occupational safety and health standards in nanotechnology,
which will be presented at the next plenary session in Seoul, South
Korea, on December 4-7, 2006. For more
information about NIOSH participation in nanotechnology standardization
development, contact Dr. Vladimir Murashov at VMurashov@xxxxxxx.
Registration for
Nanotechnology Conference Now Open
Registrations are being accepted now for the “International Conference
on Nanotechnology Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety: Research
to Practice,” which will be held December
4-7, 2006, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The
conference is co-sponsored by NIOSH, the University of Cincinnati, Ohio
University, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This conference is
centered on the impact of nanotechnology on occupational and environmental
health and safety from two perspectives: (1) promotion and protection of
individual safety and health along the life cycle of nano-based products and
(2) use of emerging technology in prevention, detection and treatment of
occupational and environmental diseases. Further information is available in
the conference announcement at http://www.uc.edu/noehs/conference_program.asp.
Occupational Health
Surveillance for Nanotechnology Workers
A new NIOSH guidance document, “Occupational Health Surveillance for
Nanotechnology Workers,” is expected to be posted in November on the
NIOSH Nanotechnology topic page. This document will provide a framework for
consideration of the issues pertaining to occupational health surveillance
for nanotechnology. Watch the topic page at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech
and the next issue of eNews
for more details.
NIOSH Participates in EPA Risk Management Practices Meeting
NIOSH scientists Dr. Charles Geraci and Dr. Vladimir Murashov were among the
invited government representatives who participated in a diverse peer panel
at an October 19-20 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) public meeting
on risk management practices for nanoscale materials. To focus the public
meeting, EPA used a discussion paper that cited NIOSH’s interim
document, “Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology,” as the primary reference
for proposed EPA recommendations on workplace-related issues under a
stewardship program for nanoscale materials. For further details about the
EPA public meeting, see https://www2.ergweb.com/projects/conferences/nano.
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Update
from the NIOSH National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL)
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 NPPTL Director Delivers Keynote at ISRP
The International Society for Respiratory Protection (ISRP) held its 13th international
biennial conference August 27 - September 1 in Toronto, Canada. The
conference theme was respiratory protection for healthcare workers, emergency
responders, and emerging hazards. NPPTL Director Les Boord described the
NIOSH personal protective technology programs during his keynote address and
NPPTL researchers Ziqing Zhuang, Raymond Roberge, and Lisa Delaney gave
technical presentations. Abstracts are available at http://www.amersectisrp.org/toronto/main_abstract.htm
or you may request a CD of the conference presentations by contacting Ziqing Zhuang
at ZZhuang1@xxxxxxx.
Public Meetings held
in September and October
Arlington, VA and Golden, CO were the sites for two September public
stakeholder meetings to discuss proposed Closed Circuit Escape
Respirator (CCER) regulatory changes. NIOSH is developing the proposed
changes in cooperation with the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).
The meetings were an opportunity for information exchange between NIOSH and
MSHA with respirator manufacturers, industry representatives, labor
representatives, and other interested parties. Presentations from the
meetings are available on at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl.
On
October 12-13, NPPTL sponsored public meetings to discuss concepts for
requirements for new programs for the approval of powered, air-purifying
respirators and for NIOSH’s total inward leakage program, quality
assurance program, and administrative module. In addition, new and continuing
research projects were presented. Over 150 attendees learned about research
projects being conducted in four focus areas: respiratory protection; sensors
and electronics – integration with personal protective technology;
protective clothing and ensembles; and human performance. Presentations and
posters from the meeting can be viewed at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/resources/pressrel/letters/lttr-101206.html.
NIOSH Dockets Opened
and Extended
Docket NIOSH 094 has been opened for the Personal Protective Technology (PPT)
Cross Sector. The Personal Protective Technology (PPT) cross-sector, one of
15 cross-sector programs in the NIOSH Program Portfolio, seeks to advance the
current state of knowledge and application of personal protective
technologies. This includes the technical methods, processes, techniques,
tools, and materials that support the development and use of personal
protective equipment (PPE) worn by individuals to reduce effects of their
exposure to a hazard. Interested parties can comment on the Draft Goals
presented at the Public Meeting on October
13, 2006. The draft goals can also be viewed at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/ppt/goals/pdfs/DraftPPTGoals-10-25-06.pdf.
The deadline to submit comments to Docket NIOSH 05 for the closed-circuit
escape respirator concept requirements has been extended until November
30. Additional information can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/resources/pressrel/letters/lttr-102006.html.
NPPTL releases
September figures on the respirator certification and approval process
During September 2006, the Technology Evaluation Branch of NPPTL issued a
total of 26 respirator approvals. Of these, 17 included approval of
modifications of products that had been previously approved. Nine of the
approvals were for new products. Approval was denied for 16 products, including
nine new and seven modifications.
The Engineering Evaluation team
conducted one site audit of a manufacturing site to evaluate the quality
assurance process and manufacturing practices. They also completed two
product audits. This process involves NPPTL purchasing previously approved
products, through the open market, and putting the product through a complete
approval check to ensure compliance with the approval issued. One product
audit was initiated. The Certified Product Investigation Process completed
five evaluations of previously certified products and started three
investigations. These evaluations are initiated by the reporting of a
potential problem either by a manufacturer or user. If a problem with the
equipment is identified, the result can be a product redesign or issuance of
a user notice or other remedies.
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 NIOSH Safety Engineer Awarded for Investigation of
Oxygen Regulator Fires
Tim Merinar, Safety Engineer in the NIOSH Division of Safety Research, was
recognized by the Virginia Beach VA, Fire
Department for meritorious service to the department. In February 2005, the
Fire Department experienced a near-miss incident in which a device on an
oxygen tank, an oxygen resuscitator regulator, spontaneously ignited and
burned. As a result of a request to NIOSH from the Fire Department for
technical assistance in determining the cause of the ignition, Mr. Merinar
coordinated an investigation and worked with the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and a forensic evaluator to identify likely cause. From the findings,
he further coordinated a joint FDA and NIOSH Public Health Notification that
rapidly alerted fire departments, emergency responder agencies, and
healthcare services across the U.S. to the potential
hazard, and provided guidance on avoiding it. Presenting Mr. Merinar with an
inscribed, bronze, presentation fire-axe, the Fire Department said that the
response to its request exemplifies how the government and the private sector
should work hand-in-hand. The joint FDA and NIOSH Public Health Notification
can be found at http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/042406-o2fires.html.
For additional information on the technical investigation, contact Tim Merinar
at TMerinar@xxxxxxx.
NIOSH and Association of Occupational Health Professionals in
Healthcare Agreement
NIOSH and the Association of Occupational Health Professionals in Healthcare
(AOHP) have established a collaborative partnership to improve workplace
safety and health in the healthcare setting. The Memorandum of Understanding
was signed on October 5 by NIOSH Director John Howard, M.D. and AOHP
Executive President Denise Knoblauch. "The MOU allows us to combine our
resources to put NIOSH research into practice in the health care
setting,” said Dr. Howard.
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 NORA FY07 Intramural Funding Awards Announced
NIOSH recently announced the selection of several new internal NORA projects.
The approved projects are expected to make substantial contributions to
workplace safety and health. The selections were made following peer review
by experts from outside NIOSH and covered the NORA sector areas of wholesale
and retail trade; construction; healthcare and social assistance;
manufacturing; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and agriculture,
forestry, and fishing. This year’s proposals were especially noteworthy
for the increase in the number determined to be of high scientific merit by
external peer review.
More information about these NORA
projects is available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/upd-10-11-06.html.
Future eNews
articles will describe other facets of NORA. Address questions to NORACoordinator@xxxxxxx.
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Organizations
Encourage WTC Responders to Register with Workers Comp Board
Partner organizations in World Trade Center responder
health issues are encouraging responders to register with the Workers'
Compensation Board of New York State
before August 14, 2007. Registration using the state's
Form WTC-12 does not constitute the filing of a claim, but it does extend the
time for a responder to file a claim if his or her health should become
affected in the future by rescue, recovery, or cleanup work at Ground Zero.
More information, including a fact sheet and sample forms, is available at http://www.nycosh.org/911info/index.html.
Public service announcements prepared by the partner organizations are
available at http://www.balconynewyork.com.
"2007 National
Safety Congress and Expo" Call for Presentations
The National Safety Council is soliciting abstracts for the "2007
National Safety Congress and Expo" to be held in Chicago, October 12-19,
2007. The submission deadline is January 12, 2007.
Information on the call for presentations is available at https://www.eshow2000.com/nsc/2007/call_for_papers.cfm.
"2007 AOHP
Conference" Call for Speakers
The Association of Occupational Health Professionals has issued a call for
speakers for the "2007 AOHP Conference" to be held in Savannah, GA, September 26-29,
2007. The submission deadline is November 17, 2006. More
information on the call for speakers is available on the AOHP Web site, http://www.aohp.org/conference/AbstractsSubmission.asp#Speakers.
AIHA Foundation Expands Scholarship Opportunities
The American Industrial Hygiene Foundation (AIHF) has made two important
changes to its scholarship award procedures. In addition to their existing
requirements, students attending industrial hygiene academic programs
approved as NIOSH Education and Research Centers or
accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health are now eligible for
AIHF scholarships. The AIHF has also agreed to award scholarships to
undergraduate students in programs accredited by the ABET (Accreditation
Board for Engineering and Technology). More information on these changes can
be found on the AIHA Web site, http://www.aiha.org.
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NIOSH Fatal
Occupational Injury Cost Fact Sheets
A new series of fact sheets estimate the cost to society of a workplace
fatality using the cost-of-illness approach. This approach combines the
direct and indirect costs to produce an overall cost of an occupational fatal
injury. Fact sheets are available for ten industry groupings, including
agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining; construction; services;
manufacturing; transportation, communications, electric, gas and sanitary
services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and public administration. The fact sheets can be found through the NIOSH
Traumatic Occupational Injury Web page, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/injury/traumapubs02-04.html.
 Long-Term Field Evaluation Report, Phases 8 and 9, Is Available
"Self-Contained Self-Rescuer Long Term Field Evaluation: Combined Eighth
and Ninth Phase Results," NIOSH Report of Investigations 9671, DHHS
(NIOSH) Publication No. 2007-103, is available. The report contains the
results of laboratory tests under the latest phases of a program that
evaluates how well self-contained self-rescuers endure the underground coal
mining environment with regard to both physical damage and aging when they
are deployed in accordance with Federal regulations. The report is available
at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/2007-03.htm.
 "Workplace Violence Prevention Strategies and
Research Needs"
NIOSH has released a summary document from the November 2004 conference, "Partnering
in Workplace Violence Prevention: Translating Research to Practice." The
report, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-144, provides a useful framework on
the current state of workplace violence research, prevention and
communication activities in the U.S. The report can
be accessed at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2006-144.
 "Workplace Solutions: Preventing Injuries from Installing
Drywall"
A new NIOSH workplace solutions document offers recommendations for
preventing and reducing injuries to workers who install drywall. The report,
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-147, provides a description of the types of
injuries workers have reported and offers three cases reports detailing how
the injuries occurred. The report is available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2006-147.
 Three new mining publications now available
NIOSH released the following mining publications:
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Call for Papers: "2007 Johnson Conference: Workplace
Aerosol Sampling to Meet ISO Size-Selective Criteria"
Abstracts will be accepted until December
15, 2006 for the "2007 Johnson Conference: Workplace
Aerosol Sampling to Meet ISO Size-Selective Criteria." The conference
will be held July 16-20, 2007 in Burlington, VT and is
sponsored by ASTM International. More information on the Call for Abstracts
is available by contacting Martin Harper, Conference Chairman, at MHarper@xxxxxxx. Additional information on
the conference can be found at http://www.astm.org
under Symposia and Workshops.
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Closed-circuit escape respirator (CCER): small
respirators that employ either compressed oxygen or a chemical source of
oxygen, and a chemical system for removing exhaled carbon dioxide from the
worker’s recirculated air. Users rebreathe their exhalations, after the
oxygen and carbon dioxide levels have been restored to suitable levels.
Examples include self-contained self-rescuers (SCSRs) used by miners to
escape dangerous atmospheres in underground coal mines after a fire or
explosion.
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NIOSH eNews on the Web:
www.cdc.gov/niosh/enews/
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NIOSH eNews is Brought to
You By:
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Editor in Chief
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Max Lum
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Tara Hartley
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Public Affairs Officer
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Fred Blosser
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Technical Lead
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Glenn Doyle
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Technical Support
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Joseph Cauley
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