Dear Dan, > ... in authentic kernels /proc/<PID>/fd/<FD> are symlinks ... They appear to /bin/ls as symlinks, but observation suggests that they "act" as hardlinks. Could that be fixed somehow? (I did look at the kernel fs/proc/base.c but did not make much sense to me...) BTW: did you notice how bugtraq failed to follow this conversation? They seem to have a strong pro-Windows, contra-Linux stance. Cheers, Paul Paul Szabo psz@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/psz/ School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sydney Australia