Hello listmates, I've written a paper on the latest DNS security fun, and this covers the matter in pretty good detail, including a deep dive into how DNS works - all with lots of illustrations. This may provide the background to help understand it all... Unixwiz.net Tech Tip: An Illustrated Guide to the Kaminsky DNS Vulnerability http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/iguide-kaminsky-dns-vuln.html Steve (who's totally burned out on Adobe Illustrator now) -- Stephen J Friedl | Security Consultant | UNIX Wizard | +1 714 544-6561 www.unixwiz.net | Tustin, Calif. USA | Microsoft MVP | steve@xxxxxxxxxxx