In-Reply-To: <20020826212322.1137.qmail@mail.securityfocus.com> We've looked at some similar issues for Word and other formats, and various PKI packages, in K. Kain, S.W. Smith, R. Asokan. ``Digital Signatures and Electronic Documents: A Cautionary Tale.'' Sixth IFIP Conference on Communications and Multimedia Security. September 2002. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~sws/papers/cms02.pdf --Sean