r0 is important (unless called function is void-returning, but that's taken care of by print_verifier_state() anyways) in verifier logs. Currently for helpers we seem to print it in verifier log, but for kfuncs we don't. Instead of figuring out where in the maze of code we accidentally set r0 as scratched for helpers and why we don't do that for kfuncs, just enforce that after any function call r0 is marked as scratched. Also, perhaps, we should reconsider "scratched" terminology, as it's mightily confusing. "Touched" would seem more appropriate. But I left that for follow ups for now. Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@xxxxxxxxxx> --- kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c index 666e416dc8a2..0004c9f3737f 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c @@ -15001,6 +15001,8 @@ static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env) err = check_helper_call(env, insn, &env->insn_idx); if (err) return err; + + mark_reg_scratched(env, BPF_REG_0); } else if (opcode == BPF_JA) { if (BPF_SRC(insn->code) != BPF_K || insn->imm != 0 || -- 2.30.2