From: Dave Thaler <dthaler@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> Signed-off-by: Dave Thaler <dthaler@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> --- Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst | 107 ++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst b/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst index 3c5a63612..2987234eb 100644 --- a/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst +++ b/Documentation/bpf/instruction-set.rst @@ -34,20 +34,59 @@ Instruction encoding eBPF has two instruction encodings: * the basic instruction encoding, which uses 64 bits to encode an instruction -* the wide instruction encoding, which appends a second 64-bit immediate value - (imm64) after the basic instruction for a total of 128 bits. +* the wide instruction encoding, which appends a second 64-bit immediate (i.e., + constant) value after the basic instruction for a total of 128 bits. -The basic instruction encoding looks as follows: +The basic instruction encoding is as follows, where MSB and LSB mean the most significant +bits and least significant bits, respectively: ============= ======= =============== ==================== ============ 32 bits (MSB) 16 bits 4 bits 4 bits 8 bits (LSB) ============= ======= =============== ==================== ============ -immediate offset source register destination register opcode +imm offset src dst opcode ============= ======= =============== ==================== ============ +imm + signed integer immediate value + +offset + signed integer offset used with pointer arithmetic + +src + the source register number (0-10), except where otherwise specified + (`64-bit immediate instructions`_ reuse this field for other purposes) + +dst + destination register number (0-10) + +opcode + operation to perform + Note that most instructions do not use all of the fields. Unused fields shall be cleared to zero. +As discussed below in `64-bit immediate instructions`_, some +instructions use a 64-bit immediate value that is constructed as follows. +The 64 bits following the basic instruction contain a pseudo instruction +using the same format but with opcode, dst, src, and offset all set to zero, +and imm containing the high 32 bits of the immediate value. + +================= ================== +64 bits (MSB) 64 bits (LSB) +================= ================== +basic instruction pseudo instruction +================= ================== + +Thus the 64-bit immediate value is constructed as follows: + + imm64 = imm + (next_imm << 32) + +where 'next_imm' refers to the imm value of the pseudo instruction +following the basic instruction. + +In the remainder of this document 'src' and 'dst' refer to the values of the source +and destination registers, respectively, rather than the register number. + Instruction classes ------------------- @@ -75,20 +114,24 @@ For arithmetic and jump instructions (``BPF_ALU``, ``BPF_ALU64``, ``BPF_JMP`` an ============== ====== ================= 4 bits (MSB) 1 bit 3 bits (LSB) ============== ====== ================= -operation code source instruction class +code source instruction class ============== ====== ================= -The 4th bit encodes the source operand: +code + the operation code, whose meaning varies by instruction class - ====== ===== ======================================== - source value description - ====== ===== ======================================== - BPF_K 0x00 use 32-bit immediate as source operand - BPF_X 0x08 use 'src_reg' register as source operand - ====== ===== ======================================== +source + the source operand location, which unless otherwise specified is one of: -The four MSB bits store the operation code. + ====== ===== ========================================== + source value description + ====== ===== ========================================== + BPF_K 0x00 use 32-bit 'imm' value as source operand + BPF_X 0x08 use 'src' register value as source operand + ====== ===== ========================================== +instruction class + the instruction class (see `Instruction classes`_) Arithmetic instructions ----------------------- @@ -116,6 +159,8 @@ BPF_ARSH 0xc0 sign extending shift right BPF_END 0xd0 byte swap operations (see `Byte swap instructions`_ below) ======== ===== ========================================================== +where 'src' is the source operand value. + Underflow and overflow are allowed during arithmetic operations, meaning the 64-bit or 32-bit value will wrap. If eBPF program execution would result in division by zero, @@ -125,21 +170,21 @@ the destination register is instead left unchanged. ``BPF_ADD | BPF_X | BPF_ALU`` means:: - dst_reg = (uint32_t) dst_reg + (uint32_t) src_reg; + dst = (uint32_t) (dst + src) where '(uint32_t)' indicates truncation to 32 bits. ``BPF_ADD | BPF_X | BPF_ALU64`` means:: - dst_reg = dst_reg + src_reg + dst = dst + src ``BPF_XOR | BPF_K | BPF_ALU`` means:: - src_reg = (uint32_t) src_reg ^ (uint32_t) imm32 + src = (uint32_t) src ^ (uint32_t) imm ``BPF_XOR | BPF_K | BPF_ALU64`` means:: - src_reg = src_reg ^ imm32 + src = src ^ imm Also note that the modulo operation often varies by language @@ -176,11 +221,11 @@ Examples: ``BPF_ALU | BPF_TO_LE | BPF_END`` with imm = 16 means:: - dst_reg = htole16(dst_reg) + dst = htole16(dst) ``BPF_ALU | BPF_TO_BE | BPF_END`` with imm = 64 means:: - dst_reg = htobe64(dst_reg) + dst = htobe64(dst) Jump instructions ----------------- @@ -255,15 +300,15 @@ instructions that transfer data between a register and memory. ``BPF_MEM | <size> | BPF_STX`` means:: - *(size *) (dst_reg + off) = src_reg + *(size *) (dst + offset) = src_reg ``BPF_MEM | <size> | BPF_ST`` means:: - *(size *) (dst_reg + off) = imm32 + *(size *) (dst + offset) = imm32 ``BPF_MEM | <size> | BPF_LDX`` means:: - dst_reg = *(size *) (src_reg + off) + dst = *(size *) (src + offset) Where size is one of: ``BPF_B``, ``BPF_H``, ``BPF_W``, or ``BPF_DW``. @@ -297,11 +342,11 @@ BPF_XOR 0xa0 atomic xor ``BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_W | BPF_STX`` with 'imm' = BPF_ADD means:: - *(uint32_t *)(dst_reg + off16) += src_reg + *(uint32_t *)(dst + offset) += src ``BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_DW | BPF_STX`` with 'imm' = BPF ADD means:: - *(uint32_t *)(dst_reg + off16) += src_reg + *(uint64_t *)(dst + offset) += src In addition to the simple atomic operations, there also is a modifier and two complex atomic operations: @@ -316,16 +361,16 @@ BPF_CMPXCHG 0xf0 | BPF_FETCH atomic compare and exchange The ``BPF_FETCH`` modifier is optional for simple atomic operations, and always set for the complex atomic operations. If the ``BPF_FETCH`` flag -is set, then the operation also overwrites ``src_reg`` with the value that +is set, then the operation also overwrites ``src`` with the value that was in memory before it was modified. -The ``BPF_XCHG`` operation atomically exchanges ``src_reg`` with the value -addressed by ``dst_reg + off``. +The ``BPF_XCHG`` operation atomically exchanges ``src`` with the value +addressed by ``dst + offset``. The ``BPF_CMPXCHG`` operation atomically compares the value addressed by -``dst_reg + off`` with ``R0``. If they match, the value addressed by -``dst_reg + off`` is replaced with ``src_reg``. In either case, the -value that was at ``dst_reg + off`` before the operation is zero-extended +``dst + offset`` with ``R0``. If they match, the value addressed by +``dst + offset`` is replaced with ``src``. In either case, the +value that was at ``dst + offset`` before the operation is zero-extended and loaded back to ``R0``. 64-bit immediate instructions @@ -338,7 +383,7 @@ There is currently only one such instruction. ``BPF_LD | BPF_DW | BPF_IMM`` means:: - dst_reg = imm64 + dst = imm64 Legacy BPF Packet access instructions -- 2.33.4
