Currently there are three implementations for page frag: 1. mm/page_alloc.c: net stack seems to be using it in the rx part with 'struct page_frag_cache' and the main API being page_frag_alloc_align(). 2. net/core/sock.c: net stack seems to be using it in the tx part with 'struct page_frag' and the main API being skb_page_frag_refill(). 3. drivers/vhost/net.c: vhost seems to be using it to build xdp frame, and it's implementation seems to be a mix of the above two. This patch tries to unfiy the page frag implementation a little bit by unifying gfp bit for order 3 page allocation and replacing page frag implementation in vhost.c with the one in page_alloc.c. After this patchset, we are not only able to unify the page frag implementation a little, but also able to have about 0.5% performance boost testing by using the vhost_net_test introduced in the last patch. Before this patchset: Performance counter stats for './vhost_net_test' (10 runs): 305325.78 msec task-clock # 1.738 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.12% ) 1048668 context-switches # 3.435 K/sec ( +- 0.00% ) 11 cpu-migrations # 0.036 /sec ( +- 17.64% ) 33 page-faults # 0.108 /sec ( +- 0.49% ) 244651819491 cycles # 0.801 GHz ( +- 0.43% ) (64) 64714638024 stalled-cycles-frontend # 26.45% frontend cycles idle ( +- 2.19% ) (67) 30774313491 stalled-cycles-backend # 12.58% backend cycles idle ( +- 7.68% ) (70) 201749748680 instructions # 0.82 insn per cycle # 0.32 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.41% ) (66.76%) 65494787909 branches # 214.508 M/sec ( +- 0.35% ) (64) 4284111313 branch-misses # 6.54% of all branches ( +- 0.45% ) (66) 175.699 +- 0.189 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.11% ) After this patchset: Performance counter stats for './vhost_net_test' (10 runs): 303974.38 msec task-clock # 1.739 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.14% ) 1048807 context-switches # 3.450 K/sec ( +- 0.00% ) 14 cpu-migrations # 0.046 /sec ( +- 12.86% ) 33 page-faults # 0.109 /sec ( +- 0.46% ) 251289376347 cycles # 0.827 GHz ( +- 0.32% ) (60) 67885175415 stalled-cycles-frontend # 27.01% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.48% ) (63) 27809282600 stalled-cycles-backend # 11.07% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.36% ) (71) 195543234672 instructions # 0.78 insn per cycle # 0.35 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.29% ) (69.04%) 62423183552 branches # 205.357 M/sec ( +- 0.48% ) (67) 4135666632 branch-misses # 6.63% of all branches ( +- 0.63% ) (67) 174.764 +- 0.214 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.12% ) Changelog: V2: Change 'xor'd' to 'masked off', add vhost tx testing for vhost_net_test. V1: Fix some typo, drop RFC tag and rebase on latest net-next. Yunsheng Lin (6): mm/page_alloc: modify page_frag_alloc_align() to accept align as an argument page_frag: unify gfp bits for order 3 page allocation mm/page_alloc: use initial zero offset for page_frag_alloc_align() vhost/net: remove vhost_net_page_frag_refill() net: introduce page_frag_cache_drain() tools: virtio: introduce vhost_net_test drivers/net/ethernet/google/gve/gve_main.c | 11 +- drivers/net/ethernet/mediatek/mtk_wed_wo.c | 17 +- drivers/nvme/host/tcp.c | 7 +- drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c | 4 +- drivers/vhost/net.c | 91 +--- include/linux/gfp.h | 6 +- include/linux/skbuff.h | 22 +- mm/page_alloc.c | 48 +- net/core/skbuff.c | 14 +- net/core/sock.c | 2 +- tools/virtio/Makefile | 8 +- tools/virtio/vhost_net_test.c | 574 +++++++++++++++++++++ 12 files changed, 657 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/virtio/vhost_net_test.c -- 2.33.0