On Sun, Aug 12, 2012 at 5:01 PM, Fons Adriaensen <fons@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > If you have apps A, B, C with volumes a, b, c you can always > set the HW gain to unity gain (0dB), and send > > s = a * A + b * B + c * C (1) > > to the soundcard. What would be the advantage of doing what > PA does, which is > > * m = maximum of a, b, c) > * Set the master to m, > * send > > s = a/m * A + b/m * B + c/m * C (2) Take a=0.00001 (or some other sufficiently small number), b=2*a and c=3*a. You then risk that with (1) you have s=0 due to rounding errors, whilst with (2) s>0. How big a problem this is in practice, I don't know. I'm a mathematician, and not a sound engineer. -t