Hi, I'm trying to understand how to load balancing works and testing it's benefits, and I'm in a trouble: in my tests (using ab command) I got better performance without the load balancer.
I try to describe my environment...
I created three VM on Virtualbox with the same hardware and software configuration and redirected ports using NAT:
CPU: 1
RAM: 1024MB
Network: NAT
Apache version: 2.4.41
Kernel: Linux node1 5.4.0-73-generic #82-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 14 17:39:42 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
OS: Ubuntu server 20.04.2
The machines:
central: only acts as a load balancer (not a balancer member), otherwise used as 'normal' apache server for results comparison. NAT from 8010 to 80
node1: when load balancer is configured in the central machine, acts as balancer member. NAT from 8011 to 80
node2: when load balancer is configured in the central machine, acts as balancer member. NAT from 8012 to 80
Here a list of apache loaded module.
spoiler!!! node1 and node2 have the same modules. central have the same modules as nod1 and node2 plus lbmethod_byrequests_module (shared)...
Apache loaded modules in central:
Loaded Modules:
core_module (static)
so_module (static)
watchdog_module (static)
http_module (static)
log_config_module (static)
logio_module (static)
version_module (static)
unixd_module (static)
access_compat_module (shared)
alias_module (shared)
auth_basic_module (shared)
authn_core_module (shared)
authn_file_module (shared)
authz_core_module (shared)
authz_host_module (shared)
authz_user_module (shared)
autoindex_module (shared)
deflate_module (shared)
dir_module (shared)
env_module (shared)
filter_module (shared)
lbmethod_byrequests_module (shared)
mime_module (shared)
mpm_event_module (shared)
negotiation_module (shared)
proxy_module (shared)
proxy_balancer_module (shared)
proxy_http_module (shared)
reqtimeout_module (shared)
setenvif_module (shared)
slotmem_shm_module (shared)
status_module (shared)
Apache loaded modules in node1:
core_module (static)
so_module (static)
watchdog_module (static)
http_module (static)
log_config_module (static)
logio_module (static)
version_module (static)
unixd_module (static)
access_compat_module (shared)
alias_module (shared)
auth_basic_module (shared)
authn_core_module (shared)
authn_file_module (shared)
authz_core_module (shared)
authz_host_module (shared)
authz_user_module (shared)
autoindex_module (shared)
deflate_module (shared)
dir_module (shared)
env_module (shared)
filter_module (shared)
mime_module (shared)
mpm_event_module (shared)
negotiation_module (shared)
proxy_module (shared)
proxy_balancer_module (shared)
proxy_http_module (shared)
reqtimeout_module (shared)
setenvif_module (shared)
slotmem_shm_module (shared)
status_module (shared)
Apache loaded modules in node2:
core_module (static)
so_module (static)
watchdog_module (static)
http_module (static)
log_config_module (static)
logio_module (static)
version_module (static)
unixd_module (static)
access_compat_module (shared)
alias_module (shared)
auth_basic_module (shared)
authn_core_module (shared)
authn_file_module (shared)
authz_core_module (shared)
authz_host_module (shared)
authz_user_module (shared)
autoindex_module (shared)
deflate_module (shared)
dir_module (shared)
env_module (shared)
filter_module (shared)
mime_module (shared)
mpm_event_module (shared)
negotiation_module (shared)
proxy_module (shared)
proxy_balancer_module (shared)
proxy_http_module (shared)
reqtimeout_module (shared)
setenvif_module (shared)
slotmem_shm_module (shared)
status_module (shared)
Finished 10000 requests
Server Software: Apache/2.4.41
Server Hostname: 192.168.68.210
Server Port: 8010
Document Path: /
Document Length: 97098 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 24.029 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 5526
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 5526, Exceptions: 0)
Keep-Alive requests: 8938
Total transferred: 870844342 bytes
HTML transferred: 868062523 bytes
Requests per second: 416.16 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 2402.908 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 2.403 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 35391.87 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 22 144.2 0 1039
Processing: 0 1087 2291.1 451 18504
Waiting: 0 1207 2615.1 426 18470
Total: 0 1109 2372.3 451 19514
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 451
66% 585
75% 678
80% 764
90% 1868
95% 7315
98% 10098
99% 11156
100% 19514 (longest request)
Finished 10000 requests
No changes on vhost configuration file...
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Finished 10000 requests
Server Software: Apache/2.4.41
Server Hostname: 192.168.68.210
Server Port: 8010
Document Path: /
Document Length: 97098 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1000
Time taken for tests: 15.527 seconds
Complete requests: 10000
Failed requests: 834
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 834, Exceptions: 0)
Keep-Alive requests: 9166
Total transferred: 892851836 bytes
HTML transferred: 890000268 bytes
Requests per second: 644.04 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 1552.701 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.553 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 56155.42 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 22 146.6 0 1038
Processing: 0 657 1668.1 122 13453
Waiting: 0 752 1883.8 121 13453
Total: 0 679 1763.1 122 14476
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 122
66% 234
75% 330
80% 402
90% 1657
95% 4987
98% 7221
99% 8733
100% 14476 (longest request)
Finished 10000 requests
I replaced the apache vhost config file with...
The index.html file is a 90KB plain text file for both node1 and node2
I'm missing something?
The problem is the way virtualbox handles this network configuration and in a real world the results would be different?
