From: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@xxxxxxxxxxx> This patch switches from .txt base to .yaml base Document. Signed-off-by: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@xxxxxxxxxxx> --- v1 -> v2 - Add Rob to "To:" instead of "Cc:" .../devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.txt | 351 --------------- .../devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.yaml | 472 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 472 insertions(+), 351 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.txt create mode 100644 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.yaml diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 79954cd6..0000000 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,351 +0,0 @@ -Simple-Card: - -Simple-Card specifies audio DAI connections of SoC <-> codec. - -Required properties: - -- compatible : "simple-audio-card" - -Optional properties: - -- simple-audio-card,name : User specified audio sound card name, one string - property. -- simple-audio-card,widgets : Please refer to widgets.txt. -- simple-audio-card,routing : A list of the connections between audio components. - Each entry is a pair of strings, the first being the - connection's sink, the second being the connection's - source. -- simple-audio-card,mclk-fs : Multiplication factor between stream rate and codec - mclk. When defined, mclk-fs property defined in - dai-link sub nodes are ignored. -- simple-audio-card,hp-det-gpio : Reference to GPIO that signals when - headphones are attached. -- simple-audio-card,mic-det-gpio : Reference to GPIO that signals when - a microphone is attached. -- simple-audio-card,aux-devs : List of phandles pointing to auxiliary devices, such - as amplifiers, to be added to the sound card. -- simple-audio-card,pin-switches : List of strings containing the widget names for - which pin switches must be created. - -Optional subnodes: - -- simple-audio-card,dai-link : Container for dai-link level - properties and the CPU and CODEC - sub-nodes. This container may be - omitted when the card has only one - DAI link. See the examples and the - section below. - -Dai-link subnode properties and subnodes: - -If dai-link subnode is omitted and the subnode properties are directly -under "sound"-node the subnode property and subnode names have to be -prefixed with "simple-audio-card,"-prefix. - -Required dai-link subnodes: - -- cpu : CPU sub-node -- codec : CODEC sub-node - -Optional dai-link subnode properties: - -- format : CPU/CODEC common audio format. - "i2s", "right_j", "left_j" , "dsp_a" - "dsp_b", "ac97", "pdm", "msb", "lsb" -- frame-master : Indicates dai-link frame master. - phandle to a cpu or codec subnode. -- bitclock-master : Indicates dai-link bit clock master. - phandle to a cpu or codec subnode. -- bitclock-inversion : bool property. Add this if the - dai-link uses bit clock inversion. -- frame-inversion : bool property. Add this if the - dai-link uses frame clock inversion. -- mclk-fs : Multiplication factor between stream - rate and codec mclk, applied only for - the dai-link. - -For backward compatibility the frame-master and bitclock-master -properties can be used as booleans in codec subnode to indicate if the -codec is the dai-link frame or bit clock master. In this case there -should be no dai-link node, the same properties should not be present -at sound-node level, and the bitclock-inversion and frame-inversion -properties should also be placed in the codec node if needed. - -Required CPU/CODEC subnodes properties: - -- sound-dai : phandle and port of CPU/CODEC - -Optional CPU/CODEC subnodes properties: - -- dai-tdm-slot-num : Please refer to tdm-slot.txt. -- dai-tdm-slot-width : Please refer to tdm-slot.txt. -- clocks / system-clock-frequency : specify subnode's clock if needed. - it can be specified via "clocks" if system has - clock node (= common clock), or "system-clock-frequency" - (if system doens't support common clock) - If a clock is specified, it is - enabled with clk_prepare_enable() - in dai startup() and disabled with - clk_disable_unprepare() in dai - shutdown(). - If a clock is specified and a - multiplication factor is given with - mclk-fs, the clock will be set to the - calculated mclk frequency when the - stream starts. -- system-clock-direction-out : specifies clock direction as 'out' on - initialization. It is useful for some aCPUs with - fixed clocks. - -------------------------------------------- -Example 1 - single DAI link: -------------------------------------------- - -sound { - compatible = "simple-audio-card"; - simple-audio-card,name = "VF610-Tower-Sound-Card"; - simple-audio-card,format = "left_j"; - simple-audio-card,bitclock-master = <&dailink0_master>; - simple-audio-card,frame-master = <&dailink0_master>; - simple-audio-card,widgets = - "Microphone", "Microphone Jack", - "Headphone", "Headphone Jack", - "Speaker", "External Speaker"; - simple-audio-card,routing = - "MIC_IN", "Microphone Jack", - "Headphone Jack", "HP_OUT", - "External Speaker", "LINE_OUT"; - - simple-audio-card,cpu { - sound-dai = <&sh_fsi2 0>; - }; - - dailink0_master: simple-audio-card,codec { - sound-dai = <&ak4648>; - clocks = <&osc>; - }; -}; - -&i2c0 { - ak4648: ak4648@12 { - #sound-dai-cells = <0>; - compatible = "asahi-kasei,ak4648"; - reg = <0x12>; - }; -}; - -sh_fsi2: sh_fsi2@ec230000 { - #sound-dai-cells = <1>; - compatible = "renesas,sh_fsi2"; - reg = <0xec230000 0x400>; - interrupt-parent = <&gic>; - interrupts = <0 146 0x4>; -}; - -------------------------------------------- -Example 2 - many DAI links: -------------------------------------------- - -sound { - compatible = "simple-audio-card"; - simple-audio-card,name = "Cubox Audio"; - - simple-audio-card,dai-link@0 { /* I2S - HDMI */ - reg = <0>; - format = "i2s"; - cpu { - sound-dai = <&audio1 0>; - }; - codec { - sound-dai = <&tda998x 0>; - }; - }; - - simple-audio-card,dai-link@1 { /* S/PDIF - HDMI */ - reg = <1>; - cpu { - sound-dai = <&audio1 1>; - }; - codec { - sound-dai = <&tda998x 1>; - }; - }; - - simple-audio-card,dai-link@2 { /* S/PDIF - S/PDIF */ - reg = <2>; - cpu { - sound-dai = <&audio1 1>; - }; - codec { - sound-dai = <&spdif_codec>; - }; - }; -}; - -------------------------------------------- -Example 3 - route audio from IMX6 SSI2 through TLV320DAC3100 codec -through TPA6130A2 amplifier to headphones: -------------------------------------------- - -&i2c0 { - codec: tlv320dac3100@18 { - compatible = "ti,tlv320dac3100"; - ... - } - - amp: tpa6130a2@60 { - compatible = "ti,tpa6130a2"; - ... - } -} - -sound { - compatible = "simple-audio-card"; - ... - simple-audio-card,widgets = - "Headphone", "Headphone Jack"; - simple-audio-card,routing = - "Headphone Jack", "HPLEFT", - "Headphone Jack", "HPRIGHT", - "LEFTIN", "HPL", - "RIGHTIN", "HPR"; - simple-audio-card,aux-devs = <&>; - simple-audio-card,cpu { - sound-dai = <&ssi2>; - }; - simple-audio-card,codec { - sound-dai = <&codec>; - clocks = ... - }; -}; - -------------------------------------------- -Example 4. Sampling Rate Conversion -------------------------------------------- - -sound { - compatible = "simple-audio-card"; - - simple-audio-card,name = "rsnd-ak4643"; - simple-audio-card,format = "left_j"; - simple-audio-card,bitclock-master = <&sndcodec>; - simple-audio-card,frame-master = <&sndcodec>; - - simple-audio-card,convert-rate = <48000>; - - simple-audio-card,prefix = "ak4642"; - simple-audio-card,routing = "ak4642 Playback", "DAI0 Playback", - "DAI0 Capture", "ak4642 Capture"; - - sndcpu: simple-audio-card,cpu { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound>; - }; - - sndcodec: simple-audio-card,codec { - sound-dai = <&ak4643>; - system-clock-frequency = <11289600>; - }; -}; - -------------------------------------------- -Example 5. 2 CPU 1 Codec (Mixing) -------------------------------------------- -sound { - compatible = "simple-audio-card"; - - simple-audio-card,name = "rsnd-ak4643"; - simple-audio-card,format = "left_j"; - simple-audio-card,bitclock-master = <&dpcmcpu>; - simple-audio-card,frame-master = <&dpcmcpu>; - - simple-audio-card,routing = "ak4642 Playback", "DAI0 Playback", - "ak4642 Playback", "DAI1 Playback"; - - dpcmcpu: cpu@0 { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 0>; - }; - - cpu@1 { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 1>; - }; - - codec { - prefix = "ak4642"; - sound-dai = <&ak4643>; - clocks = <&audio_clock>; - }; -}; - -------------------------------------------- -Example 6 - many DAI links with DPCM: -------------------------------------------- - -CPU0 ------ ak4613 -CPU1 ------ PCM3168A-p /* DPCM 1ch/2ch */ -CPU2 --/ /* DPCM 3ch/4ch */ -CPU3 --/ /* DPCM 5ch/6ch */ -CPU4 --/ /* DPCM 7ch/8ch */ -CPU5 ------ PCM3168A-c - -sound { - compatible = "simple-audio-card"; - - simple-audio-card,routing = - "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI1 Playback", - "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI2 Playback", - "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI3 Playback", - "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI4 Playback"; - - simple-audio-card,dai-link@0 { - format = "left_j"; - bitclock-master = <&sndcpu0>; - frame-master = <&sndcpu0>; - - sndcpu0: cpu { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 0>; - }; - codec { - sound-dai = <&ak4613>; - }; - }; - simple-audio-card,dai-link@1 { - format = "i2s"; - bitclock-master = <&sndcpu1>; - frame-master = <&sndcpu1>; - - convert-channels = <8>; /* TDM Split */ - - sndcpu1: cpu@0 { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 1>; - }; - cpu@1 { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 2>; - }; - cpu@2 { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 3>; - }; - cpu@3 { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 4>; - }; - codec { - mclk-fs = <512>; - prefix = "pcm3168a"; - dai-tdm-slot-num = <8>; - sound-dai = <&pcm3168a 0>; - }; - }; - simple-audio-card,dai-link@2 { - format = "i2s"; - bitclock-master = <&sndcpu2>; - frame-master = <&sndcpu2>; - - sndcpu2: cpu { - sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 5>; - }; - codec { - mclk-fs = <512>; - prefix = "pcm3168a"; - sound-dai = <&pcm3168a 1>; - }; - }; -}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac3975f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/simple-card.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +%YAML 1.2 +--- +$id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/sound/simple-card.yaml# +$schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml# + +title: Simple Audio Card Driver Device Tree Bindings + +maintainers: + - Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@xxxxxxxxxxx> + +definitions: + + frame-master: + description: Indicates dai-link frame master. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array + + bitclock-master: + description: Indicates dai-link bit clock master + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array + + frame-inversion: + description: dai-link uses frame clock inversion + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag + + bitclock-inversion: + description: dai-link uses bit clock inversion + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag + + mclk-fs: + description: | + Multiplication factor between stream rate and codec mclk. + When defined, mclk-fs property defined in dai-link sub nodes are ignored. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + + hp-det-gpio: + description: | + Reference to GPIO that signals when headphones are attached. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle + + aux-devs: + description: | + List of phandles pointing to auxiliary devices, such + as amplifiers, to be added to the sound card. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array + + mic-det-gpio: + description: | + Reference to GPIO that signals when a microphone is attached. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle + + convert-rate: + description: CPU to Codec rate convert. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + + convert-channels: + description: CPU to Codec rate channels. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + + prefix: + description: "device name prefix" + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/string + + pin-switches: + description: the widget names for which pin switches must be created. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/string-array + + format: + description: audio format. + oneOf: + - items: + enum: + - i2s + - right_j + - left_j + - dsp_a + - dsp_b + - ac97 + - pdm + - msb + - lsb + + dai: + type: object + properties: + sound-dai: + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array + + # common properties + mclk-fs: + $ref: "#/definitions/mclk-fs" + prefix: + $ref: "#/definitions/prefix" + frame-inversion: + $ref: "#/definitions/frame-inversion" + bitclock-inversion: + $ref: "#/definitions/bitclock-inversion" + frame-master: + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag + bitclock-master: + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag + + dai-tdm-slot-num: + description: see tdm-slot.txt. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + dai-tdm-slot-width: + description: see tdm-slot.txt. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + clocks: + description: | + If a clock is specified and a multiplication factor is given with + mclk-fs, the clock will be set to the calculated mclk frequency + when the stream starts. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array + system-clock-frequency: + description: | + If a clock is specified and a multiplication factor is given with + mclk-fs, the clock will be set to the calculated mclk frequency + when the stream starts. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + system-clock-direction-out: + description: | + specifies clock direction as 'out' on initialization. + It is useful for some aCPUs with fixed clocks. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/flag + required: + - sound-dai + +properties: + compatible: + contains: + enum: + - simple-audio-card + - simple-scu-audio-card + + "#address-cells": true + "#size-cells": true + + simple-audio-card,name: + description: User specified audio sound card name. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/string + + simple-audio-card,widgets: + description: User specified audio sound card name. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/non-unique-string-array + + simple-audio-card,routing: + description: | + A list of the connections between audio components. + Each entry is a pair of strings, the first being the + connection's sink, the second being the connection's source. + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/non-unique-string-array + +patternProperties: + "^simple-audio-card,cpu.*": + description: CPU node + $ref: "#/definitions/dai" + "^simple-audio-card,codec.*": + description: CPU node + $ref: "#/definitions/dai" + + # common properties + "^simple-audio-card,frame-master$": + $ref: "#/definitions/frame-master" + "^simple-audio-card,bitclock-master$": + $ref: "#/definitions/bitclock-master" + "^simple-audio-card,frame-inversion$": + $ref: "#/definitions/frame-inversion" + "^simple-audio-card,bitclock-inversion$": + $ref: "#/definitions/bitclock-inversion" + "^simple-audio-card,format$": + $ref: "#/definitions/format" + "^simple-audio-card,mclk-fs$": + $ref: "#/definitions/mclk-fs" + "^simple-audio-card,hp-det-gpio$": + $ref: "#/definitions/hp-det-gpio" + "^simple-audio-card,mic-det-gpio$": + $ref: "#/definitions/mic-det-gpio" + "^simple-audio-card,aux-devs$": + $ref: "#/definitions/aux-devs" + "^simple-audio-card,convert-rate$": + $ref: "#/definitions/convert-rate" + "^simple-audio-card,convert-channels$": + $ref: "#/definitions/convert-channels" + "^simple-audio-card,prefix$": + $ref: "#/definitions/prefix" + "^simple-audio-card,pin-switches$": + $ref: "#/definitions/pin-switches" + + "^simple-audio-card,dai-link": + description: | + Container for dai-link level properties and the CPU and CODEC sub-nodes. + This container may be omitted when the card has only one DAI link. + type: object + properties: + reg: + $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32 + + # common properties + frame-master: + $ref: "#/definitions/frame-master" + bitclock-master: + $ref: "#/definitions/bitclock-master" + frame-inversion: + $ref: "#/definitions/frame-inversion" + bitclock-inversion: + $ref: "#/definitions/bitclock-inversion" + format: + $ref: "#/definitions/format" + mclk-fs: + $ref: "#/definitions/mclk-fs" + hp-det-gpio: + $ref: "#/definitions/hp-det-gpio" + mic-det-gpio: + $ref: "#/definitions/mic-det-gpio" + aux-devs: + $ref: "#/definitions/aux-devs" + convert-rate: + $ref: "#/definitions/convert-rate" + convert-channels: + $ref: "#/definitions/convert-channels" + prefix: + $ref: "#/definitions/prefix" + pin-switches: + $ref: "#/definitions/pin-switches" + + patternProperties: + "^cpu.*": + $ref: "#/definitions/dai" + "^codec.*": + $ref: "#/definitions/dai" + additionalProperties: false + +required: + - compatible + +additionalProperties: false + +examples: +#-------------------- +# single DAI link +#-------------------- + - | + sound { + compatible = "simple-audio-card"; + simple-audio-card,name = "VF610-Tower-Sound-Card"; + simple-audio-card,format = "left_j"; + simple-audio-card,bitclock-master = <&dailink0_master>; + simple-audio-card,frame-master = <&dailink0_master>; + simple-audio-card,widgets = + "Microphone", "Microphone Jack", + "Headphone", "Headphone Jack", + "Speaker", "External Speaker"; + simple-audio-card,routing = + "MIC_IN", "Microphone Jack", + "Headphone Jack", "HP_OUT", + "External Speaker", "LINE_OUT"; + + simple-audio-card,cpu { + sound-dai = <&sh_fsi2 0>; + }; + + dailink0_master: simple-audio-card,codec { + sound-dai = <&ak4648>; + clocks = <&osc>; + }; + }; + +#-------------------- +# Multi DAI links +#-------------------- + - | + sound { + compatible = "simple-audio-card"; + simple-audio-card,name = "Cubox Audio"; + + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + + simple-audio-card,dai-link@0 { /* I2S - HDMI */ + reg = <0>; + format = "i2s"; + cpu { + sound-dai = <&audio0>; + }; + codec { + sound-dai = <&tda998x0>; + }; + }; + + simple-audio-card,dai-link@1 { /* S/PDIF - HDMI */ + reg = <1>; + cpu { + sound-dai = <&audio1>; + }; + codec { + sound-dai = <&tda998x1>; + }; + }; + + simple-audio-card,dai-link@2 { /* S/PDIF - S/PDIF */ + reg = <2>; + cpu { + sound-dai = <&audio2>; + }; + codec { + sound-dai = <&spdif_codec>; + }; + }; + }; + +#-------------------- +# route audio from IMX6 SSI2 through TLV320DAC3100 codec +# through TPA6130A2 amplifier to headphones: +#-------------------- + - | + sound { + compatible = "simple-audio-card"; + + simple-audio-card,widgets = + "Headphone", "Headphone Jack"; + simple-audio-card,routing = + "Headphone Jack", "HPLEFT", + "Headphone Jack", "HPRIGHT", + "LEFTIN", "HPL", + "RIGHTIN", "HPR"; + simple-audio-card,aux-devs = <&>; + simple-audio-card,cpu { + sound-dai = <&ssi2>; + }; + simple-audio-card,codec { + sound-dai = <&codec>; + clocks = <&clocks>; + }; + }; + +#-------------------- +# Sampling Rate Conversion +#-------------------- + - | + sound { + compatible = "simple-audio-card"; + + simple-audio-card,name = "rsnd-ak4643"; + simple-audio-card,format = "left_j"; + simple-audio-card,bitclock-master = <&sndcodec>; + simple-audio-card,frame-master = <&sndcodec>; + + simple-audio-card,convert-rate = <48000>; + + simple-audio-card,prefix = "ak4642"; + simple-audio-card,routing = "ak4642 Playback", "DAI0 Playback", + "DAI0 Capture", "ak4642 Capture"; + + sndcpu: simple-audio-card,cpu { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound>; + }; + + sndcodec: simple-audio-card,codec { + sound-dai = <&ak4643>; + system-clock-frequency = <11289600>; + }; + }; + +#-------------------- +# 2 CPU 1 Codec (Mixing) +#-------------------- + - | + sound { + compatible = "simple-audio-card"; + + simple-audio-card,name = "rsnd-ak4643"; + simple-audio-card,format = "left_j"; + simple-audio-card,bitclock-master = <&dpcmcpu>; + simple-audio-card,frame-master = <&dpcmcpu>; + + simple-audio-card,convert-rate = <48000>; + simple-audio-card,convert-channels = <2>; + + simple-audio-card,routing = "ak4642 Playback", "DAI0 Playback", + "ak4642 Playback", "DAI1 Playback"; + + dpcmcpu: simple-audio-card,cpu@0 { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 0>; + }; + + simple-audio-card,cpu@1 { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 1>; + }; + + simple-audio-card,codec { + prefix = "ak4642"; + sound-dai = <&ak4643>; + clocks = <&audio_clock>; + }; + }; + +#-------------------- +# Multi DAI links with DPCM: +# +# CPU0 ------ ak4613 +# CPU1 ------ PCM3168A-p /* DPCM 1ch/2ch */ +# CPU2 --/ /* DPCM 3ch/4ch */ +# CPU3 --/ /* DPCM 5ch/6ch */ +# CPU4 --/ /* DPCM 7ch/8ch */ +# CPU5 ------ PCM3168A-c +#-------------------- + - | + sound { + compatible = "simple-audio-card"; + + simple-audio-card,routing = + "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI1 Playback", + "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI2 Playback", + "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI3 Playback", + "pcm3168a Playback", "DAI4 Playback"; + + simple-audio-card,dai-link@0 { + format = "left_j"; + bitclock-master = <&sndcpu0>; + frame-master = <&sndcpu0>; + + sndcpu0: cpu { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 0>; + }; + codec { + sound-dai = <&ak4613>; + }; + }; + + simple-audio-card,dai-link@1 { + format = "i2s"; + bitclock-master = <&sndcpu1>; + frame-master = <&sndcpu1>; + + convert-channels = <8>; /* TDM Split */ + + sndcpu1: cpu@0 { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 1>; + }; + cpu@1 { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 2>; + }; + cpu@2 { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 3>; + }; + cpu@3 { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 4>; + }; + codec { + mclk-fs = <512>; + prefix = "pcm3168a"; + dai-tdm-slot-num = <8>; + sound-dai = <&pcm3168a 0>; + }; + }; + + simple-audio-card,dai-link@2 { + format = "i2s"; + bitclock-master = <&sndcpu2>; + frame-master = <&sndcpu2>; + + sndcpu2: cpu { + sound-dai = <&rcar_sound 5>; + }; + codec { + mclk-fs = <512>; + prefix = "pcm3168a"; + sound-dai = <&pcm3168a 1>; + }; + }; + }; -- 2.7.4 _______________________________________________ Alsa-devel mailing list Alsa-devel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx https://mailman.alsa-project.org/mailman/listinfo/alsa-devel