Hello all:
I am working on my first bit of application code for ALSA and am not sure
how to properly compile it against the libs. I have to cross compile the
application on my host machine i686 PC for use on a ARM development board. I
copied the alsa include directory into my staging include directory (this is
where the cross-compiler works from), which allowed the program to find
alsa/asoundlib.h However, I am still getting some errors that indicate to me
it cannot find everything it needs.
I am getting the following errors:
grhuser@pcL7:$ arm-linux-gcc -Wall -o grh_audio grh_audio.c
grh_audio.c: In function 'grh_capture':
grh_audio.c:113: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 3 of
'snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near' differ in signedness
grh_audio.c: In function 'grh_playback':
grh_audio.c:208: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 3 of
'snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near' differ in signedness
/tmp/ccMn48zN.o: In function `grh_capture':
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x16c): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_open'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x198): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x1c0): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x1e4): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x214): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params_any'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x238): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x26c): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x290): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x2c4): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x2e8): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x324): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x348): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x380): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x3a4): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x3d4): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x3f8): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x420): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params_free'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x42c): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_prepare'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x450): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x494): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_readi'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x4c0): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x500): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_close'
/tmp/ccMn48zN.o: In function `grh_playback':
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x5b8): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_open'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x5e4): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x60c): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x630): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x660): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params_any'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x684): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x6b8): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x6dc): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x710): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x734): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x770): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x794): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x7cc): undefined reference to
`snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x7f0): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x820): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x844): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x86c): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_hw_params_free'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x878): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_prepare'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x89c): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x8e0): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_writei'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x90c): undefined reference to `snd_strerror'
grh_audio.c:(.text+0x94c): undefined reference to `snd_pcm_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
My application code is attached. If anyone could give me some pointers as to
why these errors are occurring, I would appreciate it greatly.
Thanks.
Paul
--
***************************************
Paul David Kavan
Project Engineer
GRH Electronics, Inc.
402-734-4900
pkavan@xxxxxxxxx
***************************************
/* GRH Audio Program
*
* Author: Paul Kavan, Project Engineer
* Date: July 3, 2007
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
/*************************************
* Variable and Function Declarations
*************************************/
int audio_type; //0 = sleep; 1 = capture; 2 = playback
int nchannels = 1;
int buffer_size = 512;
int sample_rate = 8000;
int bits = 8;
char *snd_device_in = "hw:0,0";
char *snd_device_out = "hw:0,0";
void grh_capture(void);
void grh_playback(void);
/*************************************
* Main Program Section
*************************************/
int main(void)
{
//Testing routine
printf("Press enter to begin recording\n");
getchar();
grh_capture();
printf("Audio Captured. Press enter to playback\n");
getchar();
/************************************
* Decide between playback or capture
************************************/
//TODO Determine best way to receive interrupts/mgs to parse
// between playback and capture
/************************************
* Call the appropriate function for
* either playback or capture
************************************/
/*if(audio_type==1)
grh_capture();
if(audio_type==2)
grh_playback();*/
return 0;
}
/*************************************************
* Capture Function:
* This fuction should capture audio from the PCM
* and store it in a buffer for transmission
*************************************************/
void grh_capture(void)
{
int i;
int err;
short buf[buffer_size];
snd_pcm_t *capture_handle;
snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params;
/************************************
* Open the pcm interface
************************************/
if ((err = snd_pcm_open(&capture_handle, snd_device_in, SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, 0)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open input audio device %s: %s\n", snd_device_out, snd_strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
/************************************
* Configure the devices
************************************/
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc (&hw_params)) < 0)
{
fprintf (stderr, "cannot allocate hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any (capture_handle, hw_params)) < 0)
{
fprintf (stderr, "cannot initialize hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access (capture_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)) < 0)
{
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set access type (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format (capture_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample format (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near (capture_handle, hw_params, &sample_rate, 0)) < 0)
{
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample rate (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels (capture_handle, hw_params, nchannels)) < 0)
{
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set channel count (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params (capture_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set parameters (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_free (hw_params);
if ((err = snd_pcm_prepare (capture_handle)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot prepare audio interface for use (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
/******************************************
* Perform capture and store to buffer
******************************************/
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
if ((err = snd_pcm_readi (capture_handle, buf, buffer_size)) != buffer_size) {
fprintf (stderr, "read from audio interface failed (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
}
/*******************************************
* Close PCM interface and exit
*******************************************/
snd_pcm_close (capture_handle);
exit (0);
}
/************************************************
* Playback Function:
* This function should retrieve audio from a
* buffer and send it to the PCM for playback
************************************************/
void grh_playback(void)
{
int i;
int err;
short buf[buffer_size];
snd_pcm_t *playback_handle;
snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params;
/************************************
* Open the pcm interface
************************************/
if ((err = snd_pcm_open(&playback_handle, snd_device_out, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open output audio device %s: %s\n", snd_device_in, snd_strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
/************************************
* Configure the devices
************************************/
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc (&hw_params)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot allocate hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any (playback_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot initialize hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access (playback_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set access type (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format (playback_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S8)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample format (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near (playback_handle, hw_params, &sample_rate, 0)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample rate (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels (playback_handle, hw_params, nchannels)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set channel count (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params (playback_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot set parameters (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_free (hw_params);
if ((err = snd_pcm_prepare (playback_handle)) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, "cannot prepare audio interface for use (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
/******************************************
* Playback from buffer
******************************************/
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
if ((err = snd_pcm_writei (playback_handle, buf, buffer_size)) != buffer_size) {
fprintf (stderr, "write to audio interface failed (%s)\n",
snd_strerror (err));
exit (1);
}
}
/*******************************************
* Close PCM interface and exit
*******************************************/
snd_pcm_close (playback_handle);
exit (0);
}
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