>> I made the observation in the article because I am aware of at least two people who tried the file:// form by accident ... << You can make that at least three who tried. I did it too.<g> >> ... although I haven't tried it ... << What I have _seems_ to be working. I'll try out the various options you mentioned and let you know. Then, I'll be switching to an http:// format pointed at my private web server. I tried a network install of FC1 the other day and will not be going back to CDs. The same file set then makes a [base] for yum. Meanwhile, your explanation is excellent. Too much detail would just confuse most people. This is getting too easy.<g> Thanks again, Cliff Kent