Hi, > Initialization order looks tricky though. I'd have to create pcspk > early, simliar to flash, in pc_machine_initfn(). Problem is I don't > have a isa bus yet at that point (flash is sysbus and doesn't have this > problem). I'm open to suggestions hiow do deal with that best. Seems I've found a way to deal with that: "ISADevice *pcspk = object_new(TYPE_PC_SPEAKER);" can be done before the isa bus exists & we can fixup things later using qdev_set_parent_bus(). cheers, Gerd