Re: [PATCH] Add virNetlinkNewLink for simplifying virNetDev*Create

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Thanks for your comments.
But I have several questions, please see below...

On 2018-08-29 at 19:43, Erik Skultety wrote:
>On Thu, Aug 23, 2018 at 12:15:08PM +0800, Shi Lei wrote:
>> This patch adds virNetlinkNewLink for simplifying virNetDevMacVLanCreate
>> and virNetDevBridgeCreate.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Shi Lei <shi_lei@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> ---
>
>There are multiple changes happening in this patch so it will need to be split
>into several patches, see below... 

Okay. Then the v2 series should be like:
[patch v2 0/4]:  ... cover ...
[patch v2 1/4]:  Add wrapper macros to make code more readable
[patch v2 2/4]:  Introduce virNetlinkNewLink
[patch v2 3/4]:  Replace the implementation of virNetDevBridgeCreate
[patch v2 4/4]:  Replace the implementation of virNetDevMacVLanCreate

>
>>  src/libvirt_private.syms    |   1 +
>>  src/util/virnetdevbridge.c  |  73 +++--------------------
>>  src/util/virnetdevmacvlan.c | 137 ++++++++++++++------------------------------
>>  src/util/virnetlink.c       | 104 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>  src/util/virnetlink.h       |   8 +++
>>  5 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/src/libvirt_private.syms b/src/libvirt_private.syms
>> index 47ea35f..23931ba 100644
>> --- a/src/libvirt_private.syms
>> +++ b/src/libvirt_private.syms
>> @@ -2439,6 +2439,7 @@ virNetlinkEventServiceStop;
>>  virNetlinkEventServiceStopAll;
>>  virNetlinkGetErrorCode;
>>  virNetlinkGetNeighbor;
>> +virNetlinkNewLink;
>>  virNetlinkShutdown;
>>  virNetlinkStartup;
>>
>> diff --git a/src/util/virnetdevbridge.c b/src/util/virnetdevbridge.c
>> index bc377b5..1f5b37e 100644
>> --- a/src/util/virnetdevbridge.c
>> +++ b/src/util/virnetdevbridge.c
>> @@ -417,77 +417,22 @@ virNetDevBridgeCreate(const char *brname)
>>  {
>>      /* use a netlink RTM_NEWLINK message to create the bridge */
>>      const char *type = "bridge";
>> -    struct nlmsgerr *err;
>> -    struct ifinfomsg ifinfo = { .ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC };
>> -    unsigned int recvbuflen;
>> -    struct nlattr *linkinfo;
>> -    VIR_AUTOPTR(virNetlinkMsg) nl_msg = NULL;
>> -    VIR_AUTOFREE(struct nlmsghdr *) resp = NULL;
>> +    int error = 0;
>>
>> -    nl_msg = nlmsg_alloc_simple(RTM_NEWLINK,
>> -                                NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_EXCL);
>> -    if (!nl_msg) {
>> -        virReportOOMError();
>> -        return -1;
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    if (nlmsg_append(nl_msg,  &ifinfo, sizeof(ifinfo), NLMSG_ALIGNTO) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -    if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_IFNAME, strlen(brname)+1, brname) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -    if (!(linkinfo = nla_nest_start(nl_msg, IFLA_LINKINFO)))
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -    if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_INFO_KIND, strlen(type), type) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -    nla_nest_end(nl_msg, linkinfo);
>> -
>> -    if (virNetlinkCommand(nl_msg, &resp, &recvbuflen, 0, 0,
>> -                          NETLINK_ROUTE, 0) < 0) {
>> -        return -1;
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    if (recvbuflen < NLMSG_LENGTH(0) || resp == NULL)
>> -        goto malformed_resp;
>> -
>> -    switch (resp->nlmsg_type) {
>> -    case NLMSG_ERROR:
>> -        err = (struct nlmsgerr *)NLMSG_DATA(resp);
>> -        if (resp->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*err)))
>> -            goto malformed_resp;
>> -
>> -        if (err->error < 0) {
>> +    if (virNetlinkNewLink(NULL, brname, NULL, type, NULL, NULL, &error) < 0) {
>>  # if defined(HAVE_STRUCT_IFREQ) && defined(SIOCBRADDBR)
>> -            if (err->error == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
>> -                /* fallback to ioctl if netlink doesn't support creating
>> -                 * bridges
>> -                 */
>> -                return virNetDevBridgeCreateWithIoctl(brname);
>> -            }
>> -# endif
>> -
>> -            virReportSystemError(-err->error,
>> -                                 _("error creating bridge interface %s"),
>> -                                 brname);
>> -            return -1;
>> +        if (error == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
>> +            /* fallback to ioctl if netlink doesn't support creating bridges */
>> +            return virNetDevBridgeCreateWithIoctl(brname);
>>          }
>> -        break;
>> +# endif
>> +        virReportSystemError(-error, _("error creating bridge interface %s"),
>> +                             brname);
>>
>> -    case NLMSG_DONE:
>> -        break;
>> -    default:
>> -        goto malformed_resp;
>> +        return -1;
>>      }
>>
>>      return 0;
>> -
>> - malformed_resp:
>> -    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> -                   _("malformed netlink response message"));
>> -    return -1;
>> - buffer_too_small:
>> -    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> -                   _("allocated netlink buffer is too small"));
>> -    return -1;
>>  }
>>
>>
>> diff --git a/src/util/virnetdevmacvlan.c b/src/util/virnetdevmacvlan.c
>> index 2035b1f..1629add 100644
>> --- a/src/util/virnetdevmacvlan.c
>> +++ b/src/util/virnetdevmacvlan.c
>> @@ -283,6 +283,37 @@ virNetDevMacVLanReleaseName(const char *name)
>>  }
>>
>>
>> +static int
>> +virNetDevMacVLanCreateCallback(struct nl_msg *nl_msg, const void *opaque)
>> +{
>> +    const uint32_t *mode = (const uint32_t *) opaque;
>> +    if (!nl_msg || !opaque) {
>> +        virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
>> +                       _("nl_msg %p or opaque %p is NULL"),
>> +                       nl_msg, opaque);
>> +        return -1;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    if (*mode > 0) {
>> +        struct nlattr *info_data;
>> +        if (!(info_data = nla_nest_start(nl_msg, IFLA_INFO_DATA)))
>> +            goto buffer_too_small;
>> +
>> +        if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, sizeof(*mode), mode) < 0)
>> +            goto buffer_too_small;
>> +
>> +        nla_nest_end(nl_msg, info_data);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +
>> + buffer_too_small:
>> +    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> +                   _("allocated netlink buffer is too small"));
>> +    return -1;
>> +}
>
>Having a callback just to add a nested data into nl_msg doesn't feel like the
>right approach, I'd expect a callback to do more specific stuff, this should be
>special-cased in virNetlinkNewLink. 

I looked through the code for ip-link in iproute2 which could be a good example
for netlink. And I found that the differences of attributes of various net-devices are
confined to IFLA_INFO_DATA or IFLA_INFO_SLAVE_DATA(this is not used in libvirt).
The code fragment in iplink.c:
        
        if (ulinep && !strcmp(ulinep, "_slave")) {
            ... ...
            lu = get_link_slave_kind(slavebuf);
            iflatype = IFLA_INFO_SLAVE_DATA;
        } else { 
=>       lu = get_link_kind(type);             /* Get pointer to the driver for this type */
=>       iflatype = IFLA_INFO_DATA;       /* NEST will be for IFLA_INFO_DATA */
        }
        if (lu && argc) { 
=>       struct rtattr *data = addattr_nest(&req.n, sizeof(req), iflatype);    /* NEST BEGIN */
            
            ****************************
            if (lu->parse_opt &&
                lu->parse_opt(lu, argc, argv, &req.n))
                return -1;
            ****************************
            ^The lu points to various types of net-drivers(e.g. macvlan/bridge/vxlan/vlan ...)
               which pack all special self-attributes in their parse_opt callback

=>        addattr_nest_end(&req.n, data);    /* NEST END */

So I think that it's reasonable for us to have a callback to handle it just as iproute2
since iproute2 could almost create all the types of net-devices.

>
>> +
>> +
>>  /**
>>   * virNetDevMacVLanCreate:
>>   *
>> @@ -307,113 +338,29 @@ virNetDevMacVLanCreate(const char *ifname,
>>                         uint32_t macvlan_mode,
>>                         int *retry)
>>  {
>
>^This replacement would be the last patch in the series. 

Okay.

>
>> -    int rc = -1;
>> -    struct nlmsgerr *err;
>> -    struct ifinfomsg ifinfo = { .ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC };
>>      int ifindex;
>> -    unsigned int recvbuflen;
>> -    struct nl_msg *nl_msg;
>> -    struct nlattr *linkinfo, *info_data;
>> -    char macstr[VIR_MAC_STRING_BUFLEN];
>> -    VIR_AUTOFREE(struct nlmsghdr *) resp = NULL;
>> -
>> -    if (virNetDevGetIndex(srcdev, &ifindex) < 0)
>> -        return -1;
>> -
>> +    int error = 0;
>>      *retry = 0;
>>
>> -    nl_msg = nlmsg_alloc_simple(RTM_NEWLINK,
>> -                                NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_EXCL);
>> -    if (!nl_msg) {
>> -        virReportOOMError();
>> +    if (virNetDevGetIndex(srcdev, &ifindex) < 0)
>>          return -1;
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    if (nlmsg_append(nl_msg,  &ifinfo, sizeof(ifinfo), NLMSG_ALIGNTO) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -    if (nla_put_u32(nl_msg, IFLA_LINK, ifindex) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -    if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_ADDRESS, VIR_MAC_BUFLEN, macaddress) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -    if (ifname &&
>> -        nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_IFNAME, strlen(ifname)+1, ifname) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>>
>> -    if (!(linkinfo = nla_nest_start(nl_msg, IFLA_LINKINFO)))
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -    if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_INFO_KIND, strlen(type), type) < 0)
>> -        goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -    if (macvlan_mode > 0) {
>> -        if (!(info_data = nla_nest_start(nl_msg, IFLA_INFO_DATA)))
>> -            goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -        if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, sizeof(macvlan_mode),
>> -                    &macvlan_mode) < 0)
>> -            goto buffer_too_small;
>> -
>> -        nla_nest_end(nl_msg, info_data);
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    nla_nest_end(nl_msg, linkinfo);
>> -
>> -    if (virNetlinkCommand(nl_msg, &resp, &recvbuflen, 0, 0,
>> -                          NETLINK_ROUTE, 0) < 0) {
>> -        goto cleanup;
>> -    }
>> -
>> -    if (recvbuflen < NLMSG_LENGTH(0) || resp == NULL)
>> -        goto malformed_resp;
>> -
>> -    switch (resp->nlmsg_type) {
>> -    case NLMSG_ERROR:
>> -        err = (struct nlmsgerr *)NLMSG_DATA(resp);
>> -        if (resp->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*err)))
>> -            goto malformed_resp;
>> -
>> -        switch (err->error) {
>> -
>> -        case 0:
>> -            break;
>> -
>> -        case -EEXIST:
>> +    if (virNetlinkNewLink(&ifindex, ifname, macaddress, type,
>> +                          virNetDevMacVLanCreateCallback, &macvlan_mode,
>> +                          &error) < 0) {
>> +        char macstr[VIR_MAC_STRING_BUFLEN];
>> +        if (error == -EEXIST)
>>              *retry = 1;
>> -            goto cleanup;
>> -
>> -        default:
>> -            virReportSystemError(-err->error,
>> +        else
>> +            virReportSystemError(-error,
>>                                   _("error creating %s interface %s@%s (%s)"),
>>                                   type, ifname, srcdev,
>>                                   virMacAddrFormat(macaddress, macstr));
>> -            goto cleanup;
>> -        }
>> -        break;
>> -
>> -    case NLMSG_DONE:
>> -        break;
>>
>> -    default:
>> -        goto malformed_resp;
>> +        return -1;
>>      }
>>
>> -    rc = 0;
>> - cleanup:
>> -    nlmsg_free(nl_msg);
>> -    return rc;
>> -
>> - malformed_resp:
>> -    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> -                   _("malformed netlink response message"));
>> -    goto cleanup;
>> -
>> - buffer_too_small:
>> -    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> -                   _("allocated netlink buffer is too small"));
>> -    goto cleanup;
>> +    return 0;
>>  }
>>
>>  /**
>> diff --git a/src/util/virnetlink.c b/src/util/virnetlink.c
>> index 8f06446..817e347 100644
>> --- a/src/util/virnetlink.c
>> +++ b/src/util/virnetlink.c
>> @@ -489,6 +489,110 @@ virNetlinkDumpLink(const char *ifname, int ifindex,
>>
>>
>>  /**
>> + * virNetlinkNewLink:
>
>Introduction of this function should come in a separate patch before you start
>replacing the existing ones. 

Okay.

>
>> + *
>> + * @ifindex: The index for the 'link' device
>> + * @ifname: The name of the link
>> + * @mac: The MAC address of the device
>
>Most of ^these attributes could be packed into a virNetlinkNewLinkData
>structure (or something similarly named). You'll have to test check for
>VIR_DOMAIN_NET_TYPE_DIRECT and VIR_NETDEV_MACVLAN_MODE_VEPA according to my
>comments below inside <comment_block>... 

I have studied your comments inside <comment_block>, but I still don't know  how to
test check for VIR_DOMAIN_NET_TYPE_DIRECT and VIR_NETDEV_MACVLAN_MODE_VEPA.
Could you explain it for me?  :-)

>
>> + * @type: The type of device, i.e., "bridge", "macvtap", "macvlan"
>> + * @cb: The callback for filling in IFLA_INFO_DATA for this type
>
>I don't think callback will be necessary 

I think that it's reasonable to use callback here.
Another mode might be:
1) pre-alloc buffer and fill in IFLA_INFO_DATA
2) pass the buffer pointer as a param into virNetlinkNewLink which will
    embed it into nlmsg
3) free the buffer
I think that this mode might be a bit more complicated and it's hard to find good references.

>
>> + * @opaque: opaque for the callback
>> + * @error: for retrieving error code
>
>^see below for my comment on return value... 

Okay.

>
>> + *
>> + * Create a network "link" (aka interface aka device) with the given
>> + * args. This works for many different types of network devices,
>> + * including macvtap and bridges.
>> + *
>> + * Returns 0 on success, -1 on fatal error.
>
>Since this is a nice libvirt wrapper around the netlink communication
>machinery, I think that returning -<netlink_error> in case of an error is
>reasonable. Then, each of the callers of this API can handle the return values
>as they please. 

Okay. I will use netlink error as return-value.
But how to handle -1?
1) always return -1 for *other* failures
2) return -ENOMEM for OutofMemory; return -ENOBUFS for buffer_too_small; ...
I should take which one?

>
>> + */
>> +int
>> +virNetlinkNewLink(const int *ifindex,
>> +                  const char *ifname,
>> +                  const virMacAddr *mac,
>> +                  const char *type,
>> +                  virNetlinkNewLinkCallback cb,
>> +                  const void *opaque,
>> +                  int *error)
>> +{
>> +    struct nlmsgerr *err;
>> +    struct nlattr *linkinfo;
>> +    unsigned int buflen;
>> +    struct ifinfomsg ifinfo = { .ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC };
>> +    VIR_AUTOPTR(virNetlinkMsg) nl_msg = NULL;
>> +    VIR_AUTOFREE(struct nlmsghdr *) resp = NULL;
>> +
>> +    *error = 0;
>> +
>> +    nl_msg = nlmsg_alloc_simple(RTM_NEWLINK,
>> +                                NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_EXCL);
>> +    if (!nl_msg) {
>> +        virReportOOMError();
>> +        return -1;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    if (nlmsg_append(nl_msg,  &ifinfo, sizeof(ifinfo), NLMSG_ALIGNTO) < 0)
>> +        goto buffer_too_small;
>> +
> 

No offence. Let me try talking about nla_put* in comment_block.

><comment_block>
>
>> +    if (ifindex && nla_put_u32(nl_msg, IFLA_LINK, *ifindex) < 0)
>
>pre-existing, but is there a particular reason why ^this has to be u32?? 

prototype of nla_put_u32:
int nla_put_u32(struct nl_msg *msg, int attrtype, uint32_t value); 	
It is used for adding 32 bit integer into msg.
We got ifindex by calling ioctl with SIOCGIFINDEX and this ifindex >= 0.
So I think that it's right to use nla_put_u32.

>
>> +        goto buffer_too_small;
>> +
>> +    if (mac && nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_ADDRESS, VIR_MAC_BUFLEN, mac) < 0)
>> +        goto buffer_too_small;
>
>Similarly, is there a reason why ^this is not necessary to be u32? 

prototype of nla_put:
int nla_put(struct nl_msg *msg, int attrtype, int datalen, const void *data);
It means put a sequence of octets into msg. It could be used for string and
other packed struct.
The type of mac is struct virMacAddr which size is VIR_MAC_BUFLEN.
So I think it's right.

>
>> +
>> +    if (ifname && nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_IFNAME, strlen(ifname)+1, ifname) < 0)
>> +        goto buffer_too_small;
>> +
>> +    if (!(linkinfo = nla_nest_start(nl_msg, IFLA_LINKINFO)))
>
>Since we're already touching the code, I would find it more readable if ^this
>was written as linkinfo = nla_nest_start. The reason for that is that it's not
>immediately visible where the matching counterpart to "nla_nest_end" is. 

Okay.

>
>> +        goto buffer_too_small;
>> +
>> +    if (nla_put(nl_msg, IFLA_INFO_KIND, strlen(type), type) < 0)
>
>I'm puzzled why ^this doesn't need strlen(foo)+1 instead of plain strlen(foo) 

This code is same as iproute2. There's no problem here.
In net/core/rtnetlink.c of kernel (source v4.4.0):
    nla_strlcpy(kind, linkinfo[IFLA_INFO_KIND], sizeof(kind));
and the implementation of nla_strlcpy:
    size_t nla_strlcpy(char *dst, const struct nlattr *nla, size_t dstsize)
    {       
        size_t srclen = nla_len(nla);   /* whatever it is strlen(foo)+1 or strlen(foo) */
        char *src = nla_data(nla);
=>   if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '\0')
=>       srclen--;

But I think it should always be strlen(foo)+1 for consistency of code.

>
>> +        goto buffer_too_small;
>
></comment_block>
>
>We could actually create a wrapper macro around nla_put which would make the
>block (begin-end) tiny more readable. See my notes above, as I have further
>questions...Now, the macros would again be a separate patch to make the change
>more gradual. Depending on the comments to my questions above, the macro would
>either take the size of the type and always call nla_put or a specialized
>nla_put_<string|u32|whatever> function. I'm CC'ing Laine to help answering my
>questions inside <comment_block>.
>
>Erik 

I think that the usage of nla_put* is clear now.
So I don't know how to create wrapper macros.
Could you give me some instructions for it?

Regards,
Shi Lei

>
>> +
>> +    if (cb && cb(nl_msg, opaque) < 0)
>> +        return -1;
>
>> +
>> +    nla_nest_end(nl_msg, linkinfo);
>> +
>> +    if (virNetlinkCommand(nl_msg, &resp, &buflen, 0, 0, NETLINK_ROUTE, 0) < 0)
>> +        return -1;
>> +
>> +    if (buflen < NLMSG_LENGTH(0) || resp == NULL)
>> +        goto malformed_resp;
>> +
>> +    switch (resp->nlmsg_type) {
>> +    case NLMSG_ERROR:
>> +        err = (struct nlmsgerr *)NLMSG_DATA(resp);
>> +        if (resp->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*err)))
>> +            goto malformed_resp;
>> +
>> +        if (err->error < 0) {
>> +            *error = err->error;
>> +            return -1;
>> +        }
>> +        break;
>> +
>> +    case NLMSG_DONE:
>> +        break;
>> +
>> +    default:
>> +        goto malformed_resp;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    return 0;
>> +
>> + malformed_resp:
>> +    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> +                   _("malformed netlink response message"));
>> +    return -1;
>> +
>> + buffer_too_small:
>> +    virReportError(VIR_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "%s",
>> +                   _("allocated netlink buffer is too small"));
>> +    return -1;
>> +}
>> +
>> +
>> +/**
>>   * virNetlinkDelLink:
>>   *
>>   * @ifname:   Name of the link
>> diff --git a/src/util/virnetlink.h b/src/util/virnetlink.h
>> index 1e1e616..195c7bb 100644
>> --- a/src/util/virnetlink.h
>> +++ b/src/util/virnetlink.h
>> @@ -65,6 +65,14 @@ int virNetlinkDumpCommand(struct nl_msg *nl_msg,
>>                            unsigned int protocol, unsigned int groups,
>>                            void *opaque);
>>
>> +typedef int (*virNetlinkNewLinkCallback)(struct nl_msg *nl_msg,
>> +                                         const void *opaque);
>> +
>> +int virNetlinkNewLink(const int *ifindex, const char *ifname,
>> +                      const virMacAddr *macaddress, const char *type,
>> +                      virNetlinkNewLinkCallback cb, const void *opaque,
>> +                      int *error);
>> +
>>  typedef int (*virNetlinkDelLinkFallback)(const char *ifname);
>>
>>  int virNetlinkDelLink(const char *ifname, virNetlinkDelLinkFallback fallback);
>> --
>> 2.7.4
>>
>>
>> --
>> libvir-list mailing list
>> libvir-list@xxxxxxxxxx
>> https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/libvir-list

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