yes, even more questions. first, what devices are automatically available in the %pre stage of a kickstart install? i pulled apart the initrd.img file from the boot floppy, and what i found in the /dev directory were a number of device files. are these in fact exactly the initial set of device files that you start with? next, there are no hard drive device files, which is why i've seen a couple examples of %pre sections that create the appropriate device files with "mknod". but i've seen two variations: mknod /dev/hda mknod /tmp/hda why under /tmp as opposed to under /dev? i'm guessing they both work as long as you refer to the resulting device file consistently. or *is* there a difference? and finally, i looked at an example "fdisk" session someone posted recently, in which he used fdisk to partition a hard drive. his %pre session started with: echo | fdisk /dev/sda <<EOF ... fdisk commands >>> EOF what's with the "echo |"?? is this somehow different from just fdisk /dev/sda << EOF ... fdisk commands EOF just curious. rday