On Sun, 2022-12-18 at 19:18 -0500, Bill Cunningham wrote: > Too answer many people's questions here, as to what I want to > accomplish; is there some way to make these huge 7 GB ISOs smaller? Are you trying to squish a double-sided DVD onto a single-sided DVD and play it in a DVD player? Are you trying to do something like turn a movie from a DVD into a MP4 file that you're not going to play from a DVD disc? (Files on your hard drive, on a USB flash drive, etc.) > Converting to an mp4 would be the simple answer, but not a simple task > as I am finding. Handbrake for a GUI tool, ffmpeg for a command line, those are two that spring to mind. Not that I'm familiar with either of them, it's such a rarity that I'd have to figure it out each time. In the dim and distant past, I'd used Nero (disc burning software) to create a DVD disc from files meant to go on them. Just start a DVD project, drop in your source files, and it'd do all the hard work for you. In recent times, I'd shoot video, import the clips into FCP (Final Cut Pro) on a Mac, edit things together with FCP (that's it's actual purpose, video editing), and export a file ready to burn to a DVD. FCP did all the hard work for me. > There is some manual way I came across having something > to do with cat'ing a VOB and that somehow shrinks it. Cat will just join files together, the program name comes from concatenate. Sure, we often just use it to read a text file, but it's really just dumping the text file to the screen (file[s] in, something out in one big chunk). cat file1 file2 file3 > joinedfile or cat files* > joinedfile You'd have done some double process: Join all the source files together, re-encode and compress them. But even that's probably not necessary, the encoder could probably just be given a list of files to use as an input. Similar to the cat example, above. > I also would like to understand this ISO and dvd format much more, > as you seem to. We've explained the files on a DVD disc, what each one is. There's plenty of articles describing the same thing. An ISO file is just a dump of the disc contents. If you took a DVD disc and used dd to dump everything on it to a file, that's an ISO file. It's an image of the contents of the disc. Virtually the same thing as stamping vinyl records. dd if=/dev/dvdrom of=image.iso If you were to analyse the ISO file, you'd get the headers at the start that define the disc, then the file system that was on the disc. It's the same as dumping an image of a hard drive to a file. But what makes an ISO file different is that it's the structure of an optical disc's filesystem (CD or DVD) rather than some other medium. That structure is ISO 9660 (the 9660 specification from the International Organization for Standardization). If you dumped the structure of a hard drive, it might be the partition headers and filing system of ext3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc_image https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format DVDs were supposed to be UDF, which is essentially more features added to the old CDROM way of doing things. Mostly unneeded (considering all the do is play video), so most DVDs aren't really UDF. You'll notice that DVDs are all upper case filenames, short length filenames, like FAT. If they'd always used UDF they wouldn't have to constrained themselves to those limitations. But a DVD player doesn't need human- friendly filenames. And commercially pressed discs didn't need the other features UDF could offer, either (multi-session, being able to add more things to a disc, etc). It's a bit like ASCII still living on in 7-bit plaintext emails. Most of what we type can be covered by it, so the email client uses the lowest common denominator, rather than always using UTF-8, only switching over to the higher ability UTF-8 when you type something that needs it. -- NB: All unexpected mail to my mailbox is automatically deleted. I will only get to see the messages that are posted to the list. The following system info data is generated fresh for each post: uname -rsvp Linux 6.0.10-200.fc36.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sat Nov 26 16:53:11 UTC 2022 x86_64 _______________________________________________ users mailing list -- users@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To unsubscribe send an email to users-leave@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Fedora Code of Conduct: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/code-of-conduct/ List Guidelines: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines List Archives: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/users@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Do not reply to spam, report it: https://pagure.io/fedora-infrastructure/new_issue
