I hope that clarifies it a little bit for you GMS S wrote:
Is it necessary to register a domain name for setting up a dns server?
Though reading ,it is not clear to me.
Thanks.
--- On *Wed, 1/28/09, Seann Clark /<nombrandue@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>/* wrote:
From: Seann Clark <nombrandue@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: Re: How to set up a DNS server(at Home)
To: gmspro@xxxxxxxxx, "Community assistance, encouragement, and
advice for using Fedora." <fedora-list@xxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Wednesday, January 28, 2009, 10:35 PM
gmspro@xxxxxxxxx </mc/compose?to=gmspro@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> Hi,
> Typing this "rpm -q bind" got this:
> bind-9.5.1-0.8.b2.fc10.i386
>
> In "named.conf file" I got this:
>
> //
> // named.conf
> //
> // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND
named(8) DNS
> // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS
resolver only).
> //
> // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named
configuration files.
> //
>
> options {
> listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
> listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
> directory "/var/named";
> dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
> statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
> memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
> allow-query { localhost; };
> recursion yes;
> };
>
> logging {
> channel default_debug {
> file "data/named.run";
> severity dynamic;
> };
> };
>
> zone "." IN {
> type hint;
> file "named.ca";
> };
>
> include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
>
> And in "named.rfc1912.zones"
>
> // named.rfc1912.zones:
> //
> // Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
> //
> // ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
> // RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
> // and
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
> // (c)2007 R W Franks
> //
> // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named
configuration files.
> //
>
> zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
> type master;
> file "named.localhost";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> zone "localhost" IN {
> type master;
> file "named.localhost";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> zone
"1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa"
IN {
> type master;
> file "named.loopback";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
> type master;
> file "named.loopback";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
> type master;
> file "named.empty";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> Can anyone explain the file contents in detail and about named.ca?
> And what I have to do in step by step to set up a dns server ?
>
> PC configuration(Home):
> Processor:Intel Pentium D 2.66GHz
> Ram:1GB
> Hard Disk:80GB
>
>
>
I hate to plug books, but this may be the easiest way to get an
good explanation to a home user of the components on a DNS server.
Check out http://my.safaribooksonline.com/0596100574 Which is the
DNS BIND book, which is a very valuable asset when learning DNS.
In a quick nutshell, the named.ca file contains the IP addresses
and names of the 'root' DNS servers in the world. These are the
'dot' in your .com/.net etc (actually it is the dot AFTER the .com
but that is a little complex to get into) That file helps you find
the DNS server of the domain you are after, starting at the root,
or . and working down to, say if you are looking for
www.google.com, going from the . DNS to the .com DNS to the
google.com DNS.
Simplest way to set up a home DNS, copy the
'localhost.localdomain' file, keep everything down past to the NS
listings (I believe it should be NS localhost in that line) and
then add in your hostnames and IP's in a format like
host1 IN A 10.1.1.1
host2 IN A 10.1.1.2
host3 IN A 10.1.1.3
Where IN is the most common use that you will find and works well
in this situation (Stands for Internet Name, I believe) and A
stands for the type of record. You can, after you have a few A
entires, add in a CNAME like this
alias IN CNAME host1.domain.net
After you are done with this, you need to copy named.loopback and
remove the same portion in that file as you did with the first
file we edited. The format in this is a little different. If your
network IP range is as describe above you would have to add in the
following entires:
1 IN PTR host1.domain.net.
2 IN PTR host2.domain.net.
3 IN PTR host3.domain.net.
Where PTR stands for pointer, and this provides IP to name resolution.
your completed new domain file should be set up like this:
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 86400 ; 1 day
domain.net IN SOA dns.domain.net. root.domain.net. (
2009012801 ; serial - When updating
the file, use current date and revision number as follows : yyyymmddrr
10800 ; refresh (3 hours)
900 ; retry (15 minutes)
604800 ; expire (1 week)
86400 ; minimum (1 day)
)
NS dns.domain.net
host1 IN A 10.1.1.1
host2 IN A 10.1.1.2
host3 IN A 10.1.1.3
And your pointer record should look similar to that
(1.1.10.in-addr.arpa instead of domain.net in the IN SOA line.)
After that, in your named.conf file you need to add in those two
new files into the configurations:
zone "domain.net" IN {
type master;
file "domain.net";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.1.10.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "1.1.10.conf";
allow-update { none; };
};
After you start named up (service start named) if it starts file,
you should be good to go. Since this is a fedora system named runs
by default in a chroot jail so you can find all the files under:
/var/named/chroot/
to check the logs for your troubleshooting if you have issues,
should be in /var/named/chroot/var/log or in /var/log depending on
how it is set up. I don't remember completely since it has been a
long time since I have used default logging on a DNS.
Few Gotcha's:
in the PTR file, remember periods at the end of the lines for the
host names. In the named.conf, make sure you didn't forget a
semi-colon, as these are a royal pain to find (the logs give you
an approximate position as to where it was missing/broke, but
nothing exact) and it can be trying on the eyes. Also make sure if
you use a firewall that TCP and UDP port 53 is opened.
Regards,
Seann
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