Wed, 04 Mar 2009, Bill Unruh wrote, "It [alias] is a command to modprobe ..." Thanks. I'm beginning to get the picture. This machine has the Intel sound device and one USB adapter. I've adapted the example to this. ============ alias snd-card-0 snd_intel8x0 options snd_intel8x0 index=0 remove snd_intel8x0 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd_intel8x0 alias snd-card-1 snd-usb-audio options snd-usb-audio index=1 remove snd-usb-audio { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-usb-audio ============ The example lacked the "remove snd-usb-audio ..." line; presumeably it is as necessary as "remove snd_intel8x0 ...". lsmod also reports snd_hda_intel. The device index isn't influenced by this module? Appears that ALSA identifies a device by an index analogous to eth0, eth1, ... . These instructions to modprobe impose that snd_intel8x0 is always 0 and snd-usb-audio is always 1. What if there are two Intel devices and one USB? Thanks, ... Peter E. -- http://members.shaw.ca/peasthope/ http://carnot.yi.org/ = http://carnot.pathology.ubc.ca/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Open Source Business Conference (OSBC), March 24-25, 2009, San Francisco, CA -OSBC tackles the biggest issue in open source: Open Sourcing the Enterprise -Strategies to boost innovation and cut costs with open source participation -Receive a $600 discount off the registration fee with the source code: SFAD http://p.sf.net/sfu/XcvMzF8H _______________________________________________ Alsa-user mailing list Alsa-user@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/alsa-user