Folk, This was given to me as an example of a script to fix the order of loading of devices. alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1 options snd-emu10k1 index=0 remove snd-emu10k1 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-emu10k1 alias snd-card-1 snd-intel8x0 remove snd-ca0106 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-ca0106 options snd-intel8x0 index=1 remove snd-intel8x0 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-intel8x0 alias snd-card-2 snd-usb-audio options snd-usb-audio index=2 I understand an alias of course. These are my questions. "options" isn't a shell command. What is it? "remove" also isn't a shell command. What is it? What is the objective of "alsactl store 0 >/dev/null"? The modprobe command unloads driver module and "causes modprobe to ignore install and remove commands in the configuration file ...". Without drivers, how do sound devices work? Why is a "remove" and a "modprobe" command squeezed onto one line rather than on successive lines? Why is the order of these commands different for each device? Such a script belongs in modules.conf? Thanks for any answers, ... Peter E. -- http://members.shaw.ca/peasthope/ http://carnot.yi.org/ = http://carnot.pathology.ubc.ca/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Open Source Business Conference (OSBC), March 24-25, 2009, San Francisco, CA -OSBC tackles the biggest issue in open source: Open Sourcing the Enterprise -Strategies to boost innovation and cut costs with open source participation -Receive a $600 discount off the registration fee with the source code: SFAD http://p.sf.net/sfu/XcvMzF8H _______________________________________________ Alsa-user mailing list Alsa-user@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/alsa-user