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Hello soosho: I ran into the same problem yesterday. I grabbed the needed function from a website and stuck it into the file in error and was able to compile. The function is below. This is a "hack" and only a temporary fix until somebody with more alsa experience jumps into the fray with a better suggestion. #ifndef _LINUX_CTYPE_H #define _LINUX_CTYPE_H /* * NOTE! This ctype does not handle EOF like the standard C * library is required to. */ #define _U 0x01 /* upper */ #define _L 0x02 /* lower */ #define _D 0x04 /* digit */ #define _C 0x08 /* cntrl */ #define _P 0x10 /* punct */ #define _S 0x20 /* white space (space/lf/tab) */ #define _X 0x40 /* hex digit */ #define _SP 0x80 /* hard space (0x20) */ extern unsigned char _ctype[]; #define __ismask(x) (_ctype[(int)(unsigned char)(x)]) #define isalnum(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_U|_L|_D)) != 0) #define isalpha(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_U|_L)) != 0) #define iscntrl(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_C)) != 0) #define isdigit(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_D)) != 0) #define isgraph(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_P|_U|_L|_D)) != 0) #define islower(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_L)) != 0) #define isprint(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_P|_U|_L|_D|_SP)) != 0) #define ispunct(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_P)) != 0) #define isspace(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_S)) != 0) #define isupper(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_U)) != 0) #define isxdigit(c) ((__ismask(c)&(_D|_X)) != 0) #define isascii(c) (((unsigned char)(c))<=0x7f) #define toascii(c) (((unsigned char)(c))&0x7f) static inline unsigned char __tolower(unsigned char c) { if (isupper(c)) c -= 'A'-'a'; return c; } static inline unsigned char __toupper(unsigned char c) { if (islower(c)) c -= 'a'-'A'; return c; } #define tolower(c) __tolower(c) #define toupper(c) __toupper(c) #endif /* Works only for digits and letters, but small and fast */ #define TOLOWER(x) ((x) | 0x20) /** * strict_strtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long * @cp: The start of the string * @endp: A pointer to the end of the parsed string will be placed here * @base: The number base to use */ unsigned long strict_strtoul(const char *cp, unsigned int base, unsigned long *val) { unsigned long result = 0,value; if (!base) { base = 10; if (*cp == '0') { base = 8; cp++; if ((TOLOWER(*cp) == 'x') && isxdigit(cp[1])) { cp++; base = 16; } } } else if (base == 16) { if (cp[0] == '0' && TOLOWER(cp[1]) == 'x') cp += 2; } while (isxdigit(*cp) && (value = isdigit(*cp) ? *cp-'0' : TOLOWER(*cp)-'a'+10) < base) { result = result*base + value; cp++; } if (val) *val = result; return result; } Best Regards, Rob soosho wrote: Hi All, Thanks a lot for the mailing list. I've just downloaded an Alsa package and confronted the following error during the compilation. Could anybody help, please? Or at least does anybody know exactly, what is the meaning of the following error message, plz? Any help would be appreciated! Regards, Soosho ========================================================================================== [root@localhost alsa-driver-1.0.17]# make make dep make[1]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/ioctl32' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/ioctl32' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/oss' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/oss' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/seq' make[4]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/seq/oss' make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/seq/oss' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore/seq' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/acore' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/i2c' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/i2c/l3' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/i2c/l3' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/i2c/other' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/i2c/other' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/i2c' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/mpu401' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/mpu401' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/opl3' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/opl3' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/opl4' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/opl4' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/pcsp' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/pcsp' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/vx' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers/vx' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/drivers' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/ad1816a' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/ad1816a' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/ad1848' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/ad1848' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/cs423x' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/cs423x' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/es1688' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/es1688' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/gus' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/gus' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/msnd' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/msnd' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/opti9xx' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/opti9xx' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/sb' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/sb' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/wavefront' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa/wavefront' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/isa' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/synth' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/synth/emux' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/synth/emux' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/synth' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ac97' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ac97' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ali5451' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ali5451' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/asihpi' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/asihpi' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/au88x0' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/au88x0' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/aw2' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/aw2' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ca0106' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ca0106' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/cs46xx' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/cs46xx' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/cs5535audio' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/cs5535audio' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/echoaudio' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/echoaudio' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/emu10k1' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/emu10k1' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/hda' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/hda' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ice1712' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ice1712' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/korg1212' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/korg1212' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/mixart' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/mixart' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/nm256' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/nm256' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/oxygen' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/oxygen' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/pcxhr' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/pcxhr' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/pdplus' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/pdplus' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/riptide' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/riptide' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/rme9652' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/rme9652' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/trident' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/trident' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/vx222' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/vx222' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ymfpci' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci/ymfpci' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pci' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/codecs' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/codecs' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/core' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/core' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/fabrics' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/fabrics' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/soundbus' make[4]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus' make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa/soundbus' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/aoa' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/at32' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/at32' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/at91' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/at91' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/au1x' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/au1x' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/codecs' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/codecs' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/davinci' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/davinci' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/fsl' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/fsl' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/omap' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/omap' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/pxa' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/pxa' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/s3c24xx' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/s3c24xx' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/sh' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/sh' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/usb' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/usb/caiaq' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/usb/caiaq' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/usb/usx2y' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/usb/usx2y' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/usb' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pcmcia' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pcmcia/pdaudiocf' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pcmcia/pdaudiocf' make[3]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pcmcia/vx' make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pcmcia/vx' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/pcmcia' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/misc' make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/misc' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17' make -C /lib/modules/2.6.24.4-desktop-1mnb/source SUBDIRS=/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17 CPP="gcc -E" CC="gcc" modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-2.6.24.4-desktop-1mnb' CC [M] /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/soc-dapm.o In file included from /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/soc-dapm.c:2: /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c: In function ‘dapm_pop_time_store’: /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c:834: error: implicit declaration of function ‘strict_strtoul’ /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c: At top level: /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c:1043: warning: ‘snd_soc_dapm_connect_input’ is deprecated (declared at /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c:1040) /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c:1043: warning: ‘snd_soc_dapm_connect_input’ is deprecated (declared at /home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/../alsa-kernel/soc/soc-dapm.c:1040) make[3]: *** [/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc/soc-dapm.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17/soc] Error 2 make[1]: *** [_module_/home/soosho/tmp/alsa/alsa-driver-1.0.17] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-2.6.24.4-desktop-1mnb' make: *** [compile] Error 2 [root@localhost alsa-driver-1.0.17]# --
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