Can someone please tell me if I have this right? 1) Create certs for FDS server. 2) export servercerts on FDS. 3) install Active Directory and certificate services ( Enterprise Root CA ) 4) Setup Active Directory for SSL ( tested with ldp.exe ) 5) Export AD cert, import into FDS 6) Install PassSync, import servercerts from FDS 7) Test ldapsearch over SSL to AD. I have just upgraded to Windows server 2003 R2 and I can't get SSL from FDS to AD working again. I get this error. ../shared/bin/ldapsearch -Z -P . -h ad-server -p 636 -D "cn=administrator,cn=users,dc=xxx,dc=xxx,dc=xxx" -w - -s sub -b "cn=users,dc=xxx,dc=xxx,dc=xxx" "cn=*" -v ldap_simple_bind: Can't contact LDAP server SSL error -8179 (Peer's Certificate issuer is not recognized.) Thanks in advance. J.G.